新辅助化免疫治疗相对于单一化疗能提高可切除非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的病理完全缓解率和无事件存活率。NeoCOAST是首个随机、多药物、平台试验，研究了对可切除NSCLC患者使用新型新辅助免疫肿瘤学组合的方法，并以重要病理缓解（MPR）作为主要终点指标。共有83名患者接受了一周期的治疗：26名接受了durvalumab（抗PD-L1）单药治疗，21名接受了durvalumab加oleclumab（抗CD73）治疗，20名接受了durvalumab加monalizumab（抗NKG2A）治疗，16名接受了durvalumab加danvatirsen（抗STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide）治疗。与durvalumab单药治疗相比，组合治疗组中的患者MPR率较高。组合物的安全性与durvalumab单药治疗相似。多平台免疫谱分析表明，durvalumab加oleclumab和durvalumab加monalizumab组中患者的MPR率提高与肿瘤效应性免疫浸润、干扰素反应、第三淋巴结结构形成及系统功能性免疫细胞活化相关。

Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy improves pathological complete response rate and event-free survival in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), versus chemotherapy alone. NeoCOAST was the first randomized, multi-drug, platform trial to examine novel neoadjuvant immuno-oncology combinations for patients with resectable NSCLC, using major pathological response (MPR) as the primary endpoint. Eighty-three patients received a single cycle of treatment: 26 received durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) monotherapy, 21 received durvalumab plus oleclumab (anti-CD73), 20 received durvalumab plus monalizumab (anti-NKG2A), and 16 received durvalumab plus danvatirsen (anti-STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide). MPR rates were higher for patients in the combination arms, versus durvalumab alone. Safety profiles for the combinations were similar to that of durvalumab alone. Multiplatform immune profiling suggested improved MPR rates in the durvalumab plus oleclumab and durvalumab plus monalizumab arms were associated with enhanced effector immune infiltration of tumors, interferon responses and markers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation, and systemic functional immune-cell activation.