乳腺癌是全球影响女性最普遍和异质性最严重的恶性肿瘤，构成了重要的健康问题。深入理解肿瘤病理学和开发新的治疗方法对于推进乳腺癌治疗至关重要。当代乳腺癌研究主要依赖于体内模型和传统细胞培养技术。然而，这些方法往往在临床试验中遇到较高的失败率，原因是物种差异和组织结构变异。为了解决这个问题，三维培养器官样体，模拟器官样结构，已经成为一种有前景的替代方法。器官样体是创新的体外模型，可以模拟体内组织微环境。它们保留了原始肿瘤的多样性，并促进了来自不同来源的肿瘤样本的扩增，使得能够代表不同的肿瘤阶段。在精确的培养条件下优化的乳腺癌器官样体模型具有方便的样本获取、缩短培养时间和遗传稳定性等优点。这些特点确保了对乳腺癌细胞体内特征的忠实复制。作为具有空间排列的复杂细胞实体，乳腺癌器官样体模型在精准医学、器官移植、建模复杂疾病、基因疗法和药物创新方面具有重要潜力。本综述提供了器官样体培养技术的概述，并勾勒了器官样体模型的未来前景。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc. 发表。

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent and heterogeneous malignancy affecting women globally, posing a substantial health concern. Enhanced comprehension of tumor pathology and the development of novel therapeutics are pivotal for advancing breast cancer treatment. Contemporary breast cancer investigation heavily leans on in vivo models and conventional cell culture techniques. Nonetheless, these approaches often encounter high failure rates in clinical trials due to species disparities and tissue structure variations. To address this, three-dimensional cultivation of organoids, resembling organ-like structures, has emerged as a promising alternative. Organoids represent innovative in vitro models that mirror in vivo tissue microenvironments. They retain the original tumor's diversity and facilitate the expansion of tumor samples from diverse origins, facilitating the representation of varying tumor stages. Optimized breast cancer organoid models, under precise culture conditions, offer benefits including convenient sample acquisition, abbreviated cultivation durations, and genetic stability. These attributes ensure a faithful replication of in vivo traits of breast cancer cells. As intricate cellular entities boasting spatial arrangements, breast cancer organoid models harbor substantial potential in precision medicine, organ transplantation, modeling intricate diseases, gene therapy, and drug innovation. This review delivers an overview of organoid culture techniques and outlines future prospects for organoid modeling.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.