女性生殖器血吸虫病（FGS）是亚撒哈拉地区最被忽视的性和生殖健康问题，感染了妇科系统中的吸虫属寄生虫，估计有20-120万例。卵产后吸虫卵的异位困住可能在0.5%的病例中发生在输卵管和卵巢中。我们报告了一例38岁的女性，因10年的不孕症状进行了评估。超声检查显示卵巢中观察到多个囊性结构。通过卵巢切除术排除恶性肿瘤后的组织学检查显示，瘤结节围绕着卵巢黄体和出血部位有吸虫卵附近的肉芽肿性结构。在我们的病例中观察到的卵巢和输卵管中的吸虫异位产卵可能是导致生殖器损伤和并发症（如不孕症、异位妊娠、流产、早产、低出生体重，甚至孕妇死亡）的潜在原因。需要进一步研究卵巢FGS及其对妇女生育能力的影响，以指导针对育龄脆弱人群的特定干预措施，为2030年世卫组织消除血吸虫病作为公共卫生问题的目标做贡献。版权所有©2023 Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citopatologia Diagnostica，Divisione Italiana della International Academy of Pathology.

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), infection of Schistosoma spp. trematode in the gynaecological apparatus, is the most neglected sexual and reproductive health condition in sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated of 20-120 million cases. The ectopic entrapment of Schistosome eggs after oviposition can occur in 0.5% of cases in fallopian tubes and ovaries.We report a case of 38-years-old woman assessed for a 10 year history of infertility. On ultrasound, multiple cystic formations were observed in the ovary. Histology after oophorectomy to exclude malignancy showed granulomatous formations surrounding Schistosoma spp. eggs in proximity of corpus luteus and haemorragicum.Ectopic Schistosome oviposition, seen in the ovary and fallopian tubes as in our case, can be a potential cause of reproductive organ damage and complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, and even maternal death.More studies are needed on ovarian FGS and its impact on women fertility to guide specific interventions targeting vulnerable population of childbearing age, contributing to the NTD WHO 2030 aim of eliminating schistosomiasis as a matter of public health.Copyright © 2023 Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citopatologia Diagnostica, Divisione Italiana della International Academy of Pathology.