骨肿瘤是侵袭性疾病，具有复发、致残和高死亡率的倾向，由于其严重的并发症。作为一种商业聚合物生物材料，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）骨水泥具有卓越的机械性能、可注射性和塑性，因此经常应用于骨组织工程中。已经证明了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥在骨肿瘤治疗中具有多种积极效果，包括生物力学稳定、镇痛作用和预防肿瘤复发。然而，据我们所知，关于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯水泥在骨肿瘤治疗中的应用的全面评估尚未报道。本综述首次对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯水泥在骨肿瘤治疗中的效果和并发症进行了全面评估，并介绍了先进的改性策略，为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯水泥在骨肿瘤治疗中的应用提供客观可靠的参考。我们还总结了目前关于增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯水泥抗肿瘤功效的修改研究，例如药物载体和磁致热疗法。

Bone tumors are invasive diseases with a tendency toward recurrence, disability, and high mortality rates due to their grievous complications. As a commercial polymeric biomaterial, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement possesses remarkable mechanical properties, injectability, and plasticity and is, therefore, frequently applied in bone tissue engineering. Numerous positive effects in bone tumor treatment have been demonstrated, including biomechanical stabilization, analgesic effects, and tumor recurrence prevention. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation of the application of the PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment has not yet been reported. This review comprehensively evaluates the efficiency and complications of the PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment, for the first time, and introduces advanced modification strategies, providing an objective and reliable reference for the application of the PMMA cement in treating bone tumors. We have also summarized the current research on modifications to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of the PMMA cement, such as drug carriers and magnetic hyperthermia.