纳米颗粒在生物技术、药学、光学和医学领域得到广泛研究，并具有广阔的应用前景。大量研究表明，利用纳米颗粒对药物进行化学涂覆或耦合具有显着的兴趣，旨在解决药物传递中的挑战，包括降解性和不确定性。此外，使用负载新冠病毒抗原mRNA的脂质纳米颗粒来控制COVID-19疫情已引发了纳米颗粒疫苗研究的显著增长。因此，纳米颗粒已成为疾病预防和治疗的重要递送系统，具有重要意义。当前研究强调纳米颗粒相对于常规药物治疗和预防方法具有优越的疗效和潜力。值得注意的是，在药物传递应用中，使用可降解的纳米颗粒至关重要。本文综述了各种可降解纳米颗粒的结构和特性及其在生物医学中的应用，以激发更多研究人员进一步探索纳米颗粒的功能。RNA在调节疾病的发生和进展中起关键作用，但其固有易降解性带来了挑战。鉴此，我们对涉及RNA的可降解纳米颗粒在疾病预防和治疗领域的研究进展进行了全面综述，重点关注癌症、炎症性疾病和病毒感染。版权所有©2023 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

Nanoparticles have been widely studied in the fields of biotechnology, pharmacy, optics and medicine and have broad application prospects. Numerous studies have shown significant interest in utilizing nanoparticles for chemically coating or coupling drugs, aiming to address the challenges of drug delivery, including degradability and uncertainty. Furthermore, the utilization of lipid nanoparticles loaded with novel coronavirus antigen mRNA to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a notable surge in research on nanoparticle vaccines. Hence, nanoparticles have emerged as a crucial delivery system for disease prevention and treatment, bearing immense significance. Current research highlights that nanoparticles offer superior efficacy and potential compared to conventional drug treatment and prevention methods. Notably, for drug delivery applications, it is imperative to utilize biodegradable nanoparticles. This paper reviews the structures and characteristics of various biodegradable nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine in order to inspire more researchers to further explore the functions of nanoparticles. RNA plays a pivotal role in regulating the occurrence and progression of diseases, but its inherent susceptibility to degradation poses a challenge. In light of this, we conducted a comprehensive review of the research advancements concerning RNA-containing biodegradable nanoparticles in the realm of disease prevention and treatment, focusing on cancer, inflammatory diseases, and viral infections.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.