本研究的目的是分析低渗性低钠血症对内科住院患者的影响及其临床和演变特征。对西班牙南部 5 家医院低渗性低钠血症 (<135 mmol/L) 患者进行的前瞻性多中心观察研究。根据 2015 年 3 月至 2017 年 10 月期间每两周进行的点患病率研究，通过评估人口统计、临床、分析和管理数据，纳入患者；随后对每位患者进行 12 个月的随访，在此期间评估死亡率和再入院率。总共纳入 501 名患者（51.9% 为女性，平均年龄 = 71.3 ± 14.24 岁），低钠血症的总体患病率为 8.3%。平均合并症率为 4.50±2.41，最常见的诊断为心力衰竭 (115) (23%)、呼吸道感染 (65) (13%) 和肿瘤病理 (42) (6.4%)。在低钠血症病例总数中，180 例（35.9%）为高血容量，164 例（32.7%）为低血容量，157 例（31.3%）为血容量正常。总共 87.4% 的人没有接受额外的诊断测试来确定病情的根源，30% 的人没有接受任何治疗。医院死亡率为 15.6%，平均住院时间为 14.7 天。血容量正常和入院低钠血症与入院期间发生的低钠血症与较低的死亡率显着相关（P = .037）。 1 年死亡率和再入院率很高（分别为 31% 和 53% 的患者）。低钠血症在内科领域很常见，其中高容量性低钠血症是最常见的类型。入院期间和随访期间死亡率较高；然而，这种情况的临床管理仍有改进的余地。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 出版

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact and the clinical and evolutionary characteristics of hypotonic hyponatremia in patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine units. Prospective multicenter observational study of patients with hypotonic hyponatremia (<135 mmol/L) in 5 hospitals in southern Spain. Patients were included according to point prevalence studies carried out every 2 weeks between March 2015 and October 2017, by assessing demographic, clinical, analytical, and management data; each patient was subsequently followed up for 12 months, during which time mortality and readmissions were assessed. A total of 501 patients were included (51.9% women, mean age = 71.3 ± 14.24 years), resulting in an overall prevalence of hyponatremia of 8.3%. The mean comorbidities rate was 4.50 ± 2.41, the most frequent diagnoses being heart failure (115) (23%), respiratory infections (65) (13%), and oncological pathologies (42) (6.4%). Of the total number of hyponatremia cases, 180 (35.9%) were hypervolemic, 164 (32.7%) hypovolemic, and 157 (31.3%) were euvolemic. A total of 87.4% did not receive additional diagnostic tests to establish the origin of the condition and 30% did not receive any treatment. Hospital mortality was 15.6% and the mean length of stay was 14.7 days. Euvolemic and admission hyponatremia versus hyponatremia developed during admission were significantly associated with lower mortality rates (P = .037). Mortality at 1 year and readmissions were high (31% and 53% of patients, respectively). Hyponatremia was common in Internal Medicine areas, with hypervolemic hyponatremia being the most frequent type. The mortality rate was high during admission and at follow-up; yet there is a margin for improvement in the clinical management of this condition.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.