肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNFα) 是免疫反应的重要生理调节因子，多种疾病与其失调有关。本研究旨在了解成年肝脏和胰腺疾病患者中 TNFα 基因的表达，并检查 TNFα 的影响该人群有 238 种基因型。 在巴格达的 Ibn Al-Baladi 医院，从 40 名被诊断为 β 地中海贫血合并胰腺疾病的患者、40 名被诊断为地中海贫血合并肝脏疾病的患者和 40 名被诊断为地中海贫血合并肝脏疾病的患者中采集了血液样本。被诊断患有地中海贫血，但没有胰腺或肝脏疾病。为了建立对照组，从相同年龄、相同性别且健康状况良好的人中采集了 40 个样本。所有这些人均被视为年龄超过 18 岁。通过利用实时聚合酶链反应（PCR），研究和评估TNF-α基因表达水平。采用T-ARMS-PCR方法对地中海贫血患者和健康对照样本中TNFα-238进行检测和基因分型。结果显示，TNFα基因表达评估显示，B组（地中海贫血合并肝病患者）的折叠程度高于其他组。组中基因表达量最低的是 D 组（作为对照组）。此外，在重型β地中海贫血患者中TNFα基因表达折叠与TNFα-238基因型之间的关系发现，与GG基因型相比，GA基因型患者的TNFα基因表达水平显着增加，其次是AA基因型。此外，当前研究的结果表明，突变（A）等位基因（无论是杂合子（GA）还是纯合子（AA））的存在与患有肝脏和胰腺疾病的地中海贫血患者的TNF-α基因表达之间存在关联。结果，可以得出结论，TNF-α 238 突变 (A) 等位基因（无论是杂合子 (GA) 还是纯合子 (AA)）的存在与肝脏和胰腺疾病中的 TNF-α 基因表达之间存在关系，如下所示：以及地中海贫血患者。

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a crucial physiologic regulator of immune responses, and several disorders have been associated with its dysregulation.This study aimed to understand TNFα gene expression in adult patients with liver and pancreas disorders and examine the impact of TNFα-238 genotypes on this population.At the Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital in Baghdad, blood samples were collected from forty patients who were diagnosed with beta thalassemia together with pancreatic disease, forty patients who were diagnosed with thalassemia together with liver disorder, and forty patients who were diagnosed with thalassemia without pancreas or liver disorder. For the purpose of establishing a control group, forty samples were collected from persons who were of the same age and gender and seemed to be in good health. All of these individuals were deemed to be older than 18 years old. Through the utilization of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the level of TNF-α gene expression was investigated and assessed. The T-ARMS-PCR method was performed for detection and genotyping of TNFα-238 in thalassemia patients and healthy control samples.The result showed that TNF α gene expression assessment showed that group B (thalassemia patients with liver disorder) had higher folding than other groups while the lowest gene expression was in group D (as control group). Furthermore, the relationship between TNFα gene expressions folding with TNFα-238 genotypes in beta thalassemia major patients, discovered a considerable increase at GA genotype patients in TNFα gene expression level, followed by AA genotype compared to the GG genotype. Furthermore, the results of the current study showed an association between the presence of the mutant (A) allele whether heterozygous (GA) and homozygous (AA) with the TNF-α gene expression in thalassemia patients with liver and pancreatic disorders.Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the presence of the mutant (A) allele, whether heterozygous (GA) or homozygous (AA) of TNF-α 238, and TNF-α gene expression in liver and pancreatic diseases as well as in patients with thalassemia.