精确的基因表达对于正常发育和健康至关重要，取决于拥挤的细胞核内各种因素的协调组装和功能。最近的证据表明，这一过程部分受到介观尺度划分和凝结物中转录成分浓度的调节，这为基因调控提供了新的视角。转录凝聚体的失调与疾病的关系越来越密切，表明其在发病机制中的潜在作用。在这篇小综述中，我们简要概述了目前对转录凝聚体的形成和功能的理解，特别关注其失调及其对疾病（尤其是癌症）的影响的最新进展。我们还解决了该领域的局限性，并强调了未来研究的开放性问题。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

Precise gene expression, crucial for normal development and health, depends on the co-ordinated assembly and function of various factors within the crowded nucleus. Recent evidence suggests that this process is in part regulated by mesoscale compartmentalization and concentration of transcriptional components within condensates, offering a new perspective on gene regulation. Dysregulation of transcriptional condensates is increasingly associated with diseases, indicating a potential role in pathogenesis. In this mini-review, we provide a concise overview of the current understanding of the formation and function of transcriptional condensates, with a specific focus on recent advances in their dysregulation and implications in diseases, notably cancer. We also address limitations in the field and highlight open questions for future research.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.