心肌炎是当今的一个重大健康威胁，传染源是最常见的原因。准确诊断感染性心肌炎的病因对于有效治疗至关重要。感染性心肌炎可由病毒、原核生物、寄生虫和真菌引起。病毒感染通常是主要原因。然而，一些罕见的机会性病原体也会损害免疫缺陷患者、肿瘤患者和接受过心脏手术的患者的心肌细胞。本文综述了感染性心肌炎常见和罕见病原体的研究，强调其病因学的复杂性，旨在帮助临床医生准确诊断感染性心肌炎。© 2024。作者。

Myocarditis is a significant health threat today, with infectious agents being the most common cause. Accurate diagnosis of the etiology of infectious myocarditis is crucial for effective treatment.Infectious myocarditis can be caused by viruses, prokaryotes, parasites, and fungi. Viral infections are typically the primary cause. However, some rare opportunistic pathogens can also damage heart muscle cells in patients with immunodeficiencies, neoplasms and those who have undergone heart surgery.This article reviews research on common and rare pathogens of infectious myocarditis, emphasizing the complexity of its etiology, with the aim of helping clinicians make an accurate diagnosis of infectious myocarditis.© 2024. The Author(s).