百草枯 (PQ) 是一种强效环境除草剂，被认为会对生物系统造成不可挽回的毒性损害。本研究旨在利用西兰花卓越的抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡特性，评估 N-乙酰半胱氨酸 (NAC) 和西兰花提取物单独或联合使用在减轻大鼠 PQ 中毒方面的有效性。 70 Wistar 大鼠被分为七组：C（对照，载体）、PQ（百草枯，40 mg/kg）、BC（西兰花提取物，300 mg/kg）、NC（相同剂量 300 mg/kg 的 N-乙酰半胱氨酸） )，以及组合组 PQ BC、PQ NC 和 NC PQ BC，均给予等效剂量。 42 天后，收集血样以评估肝脏和肾脏参数、促炎生物标志物、caspase-3 和 caspase-9。切除肺组织，保留一部分用于羟脯氨酸和氧化应激参数测量，另一部分切片并染色用于组织病理学分析。PQ组表现出最高的肺体重比（LW/BW），而PQ BC NC组表现出最低的比率。结果表明，肺羟脯氨酸浓度升高，抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力）显着降低（P<0.001）。 PQ BC 组的丙二醛水平有所改变，在 PQ 组中达到峰值。此外，PQ BC NC 组的肿瘤坏死因子、白介素-1、caspase-3 和 caspase-9 显着降低（P<0.01）。 PQ BC NC 组中观察到的 PQ 组中观察到的肺水肿、充血和严重出血明显减少。西兰花和 NAC 中的活性化合物的组合在减轻 PQ 引起的毒性方面表现出显着的全身和肺部作用。

Paraquat (PQ), a potent environmental herbicide, is recognized for inducing irreparable toxic damage to biological systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and broccoli extract, individually and in combination, in alleviating PQ poisoning in rats, leveraging the exceptional anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of broccoli.Seventy Wistar rats were categorized into seven groups: C (control, vehicle), PQ (paraquat at 40 mg/kg), BC (broccoli extract at 300 mg/kg), NC (N-acetylcysteine at the same dose of 300 mg/kg), and combined groups PQ+BC, PQ+NC, and NC+PQ+BC, all administered equivalent doses. After 42 days, blood samples were collected to evaluate liver and kidney parameters, proinflammatory biomarkers, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Lung tissues were excised, with one part preserved for hydroxyproline and oxidative stress parameter measurement and another sectioned and stained for histopathological analysis.The PQ group exhibited the highest lung-to-body weight (LW/BW) ratio, while the PQ+BC+NC group demonstrated the lowest ratio. Results indicated an elevated lung hydroxyproline concentration and a significant reduction in anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capacity) (P<0.001). The PQ+BC group showed modified malondialdehyde levels, reaching a peak in the PQ group. Additionally, a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 was observed in the PQ+BC+NC group (P<0.01). Pulmonary edema, hyperemia, and severe hemorrhage observed in the PQ group were notably reduced in the PQ+BC+NC group.The combination of active compounds from broccoli and NAC demonstrated significant systemic and pulmonary effects in mitigating PQ-induced toxicity.