胸膜实质弹力纤维增生症（PPFE）是一种罕见的、进行性、限制性肺病，以高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭为特征。在儿科中，曾有接受过骨髓移植、化疗或放疗的有恶性肿瘤病史的患者出现这种情况。其特点是胸膜增厚、纤维化、胸膜下弹性组织变性和肺泡内胶原沉积。生存率很差，唯一的治疗方法是肺移植。在此，我们报告一名患者在接受高危神经母细胞瘤 (NB) 抗癌化疗后出现 PPFE，这是一种迟发性肺毒性。版权所有 © 2024 Satoshi Yokoyama 等人。

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare, progressive, restrictive lung disease characterized by hypercarbic respiratory failure. In pediatrics, it has been described in patients with a history of malignancy who have received a bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. It is characterized by pleural thickening, fibrosis, subpleural elastosis, and intraalveolar collagen deposits. Survival is poor, and the only therapy is lung transplantation. Here, we report a patient who developed PPFE as a late-onset pulmonary toxicity after treatment with anticancer chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma (NB).Copyright © 2024 Satoshi Yokoyama et al.