醛脱氢酶 1 (ALDH1) 是一种重要的醛代谢酶，有 6 个家族成员。 ALDH1 家族在多种组织中表达，其中在肝脏中大量存在。它在多种病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用，包括醛解毒、氧化应激和脂质过氧化。乙醛解毒是 ALDH1 家族参与重要病理机制的基本功能。 ALDH1 家族可以将视网膜催化为视黄酸 (RA)，视黄酸是一种激素信号分子，在发育和成体组织中发挥着至关重要的作用。此外，需要对 ALDH1 家族作为信号分子的作用进行进一步和更广泛的研究。 ALDH1家族被广泛认为是癌症干细胞（CSC）标志物，在癌症的增殖、侵袭、转移、预后和耐药中发挥着重要作用。 ALDH1家族还参与其他人类疾病，如神经退行性疾病、骨关节炎、糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化。它可以通过抑制/促进 ALDH1 家族的表达/活性来抑制疾病进展。在这篇综述中，我们全面分析了 ALDH1 家族的组织分布和功能。此外，我们回顾了ALDH1家族与疾病的关系，重点关注其潜在的病理机制，并简要讨论了ALDH1家族抑制剂的现状和发展。 ALDH1 家族为治疗疾病提供了新的可能性，其上游和下游途径均可作为治疗干预的有希望的靶点。这为疾病研究领域的药物开发提供了新的视角。© 2024 国际细胞生物学联合会。

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a crucial aldehyde metabolizing enzyme, has six family members. The ALDH1 family is expressed in various tissues, with a significant presence in the liver. It plays a momentous role in several pathophysiological processes, including aldehyde detoxification, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Acetaldehyde detoxification is the fundamental function of the ALDH1 family in participating in vital pathological mechanisms. The ALDH1 family can catalyze retinal to retinoic acid (RA) that is a hormone-signaling molecule and plays a vital role in the development and adult tissues. Furthermore, there is a need for further and broader research on the role of the ALDH1 family as a signaling molecule. The ALDH1 family is widely recognized as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and plays a significant role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, prognosis, and drug resistance of cancer. The ALDH1 family also participates in other human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. It can inhibit disease progression by inhibiting/promoting the expression/activity of the ALDH1 family. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the tissue distribution, and functions of the ALDH1 family. Additionally, we review the involvement of the ALDH1 family in diseases, focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms and briefly talk about the current status and development of ALDH1 family inhibitors. The ALDH1 family presents new possibilities for treating diseases, with both its upstream and downstream pathways serving as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. This offers fresh perspectives for drug development in the field of disease research.© 2024 International Federation of Cell Biology.