表观遗传修饰包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和 RNA 修饰，使基因调控和遗传变得复杂，并深刻影响各种生理和病理过程。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，表观遗传学容易受到环境变化的影响，通过影响染色质活性和调节基因表达来调节个体的生长、发育和疾病。环境暴露或诱发的表观遗传变化可以调节发育状态，导致发育障碍、衰老、心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默病、癌症等。然而，表观遗传修饰是可逆的。使用针对环境暴露引起的表观遗传变化的特定表观遗传抑制剂在疾病治疗中非常有用。在这里，我们概述了表观遗传学在各种疾病中的作用。此外，我们还总结了不同环境暴露引起的表观遗传改变的机制，不同环境暴露的影响，以及环境变异表观遗传学与人体健康相关基因之间的串扰。然而，多种因素和表观遗传学在调节各种疾病的发生和进展中的相互作用使临床治疗变得复杂。我们讨论了一些常用的针对表观遗传修饰的表观遗传药物，以及通过饮食预防或缓解由环境暴露和表观遗传学调节的各种疾病的方法。© 2024。高等教育出版社。

Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and RNA modifications complicate gene regulation and heredity and profoundly impact various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetics is vulnerable to environmental changes and regulates the growth, development, and diseases of individuals by affecting chromatin activity and regulating gene expression. Environmental exposure or induced epigenetic changes can regulate the state of development and lead to developmental disorders, aging, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cancers, and so on. However, epigenetic modifications are reversible. The use of specific epigenetic inhibitors targeting epigenetic changes in response to environmental exposure is useful in disease therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the role of epigenetics in various diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the mechanism of epigenetic alterations induced by different environmental exposures, the influence of different environmental exposures, and the crosstalk between environmental variation epigenetics, and genes that are implicated in the body's health. However, the interaction of multiple factors and epigenetics in regulating the initiation and progression of various diseases complicates clinical treatments. We discuss some commonly used epigenetic drugs targeting epigenetic modifications and methods to prevent or relieve various diseases regulated by environmental exposure and epigenetics through diet.© 2024. Higher Education Press.