细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）是一种由过度免疫反应和细胞因子过量产生引起的全身炎症性疾病。 CRS 是一种危及生命的疾病，通常与嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法相关。尽管免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 的使用越来越多，但 ICI 诱发的 CRS 仍然很少见。本研究描述了一例因宫颈复发腺癌使用 ICI 后发生的 CRS 病例。一名 49 岁女性因复发性宫颈腺癌接受紫杉醇、卡铂和派姆单抗治疗。第三周期第27天，患者因发烧并疑似肾盂肾炎入院。次日出现低血压、上呼吸道症状和四肢肌痛，左心室射血分数（LVEF）降至20%。发生多器官衰竭（MOF），患者接受呼吸机支持和持续血液透析滤过。观察到横纹肌溶解、胰腺炎、多形红斑和肠炎。 CRS 的诊断依据是铁蛋白和 IL-6 水平升高。进行类固醇冲击治疗；然而，MOF 没有改善，并给予了抗 IL-6 受体单克隆抗体托珠单抗 (TOC)。随后，LVEF 改善至 50%，TOC 给药后，患者在第 4 天脱离呼吸机，并在第 6 天脱离连续血液透析滤过装置。患者于第 21 天出院。 总之，考虑到 ICI 引起的 CRS 是一种罕见但严重的并发症，应监测 ICI 给药后的发烧和其他全身状况。版权所有：© 2024 Sekimata 等人。

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory condition caused by an excessive immune response and cytokine overproduction. CRS is a life-threatening condition that is often associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Despite the increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), ICI-induced CRS remains rare. The present study describes a case of CRS that occurred after the administration of ICIs for recurrent adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. A 49-year-old woman received paclitaxel, carboplatin and pembrolizumab for recurrent cervical adenocarcinoma. On day 27 of the third cycle, the patient was admitted with a fever and suspected pyelonephritis. The following day, hypotension, upper respiratory symptoms and myalgia of the extremities were noted, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was decreased to 20%. Multiorgan failure (MOF) occurred, and the patient received ventilator support and continuous hemodiafiltration. Rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, erythema multiforme and enteritis were observed. CRS was diagnosed based on elevated ferritin and IL-6 levels. Steroid pulse therapy was administered; however, the MOF did not improve and the anti-IL-6-receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab (TOC) was administered. Subsequently, the LVEF improved to 50%, and the patient was removed from the ventilator on day 4 and from the continuous hemodiafiltration unit on day 6 after TOC administration. The patient was discharged on day 21. In conclusion, considering that ICI-induced CRS is a rare but severe complication, fever and other systemic conditions following ICI administration should be monitored.Copyright: © 2024 Sekimata et al.