放射科学和核技术在二十世纪取得了长足的发展，在能源、医学、工业等各个领域得到了广泛的应用。然而，这些发展伴随着暴露于核辐射的固有风险，由于其对人类健康和安全的潜在不利影响而令人担忧，并且对于可能暴露于某些癌症的医务人员尤其重要与其工作环境中的低剂量辐射有关。尽管自 20 世纪 50 年代以来，由于辐射防护措施的改进，医疗辐射工作人员的职业暴露有所减少，但医疗专业人员对这些潜在危险和所需的安全预防措施仍然缺乏了解和认识，令人担忧。应急响应能力不足进一步加剧了这一问题。这凸显了加强辐射安全教育和培训的迫切需要，以确保在放射和核突发事件中发挥关键作用的医务人员的福祉。本次审查考察了核辐射对医护人员的健康危害以及医护人员的辐射防护意识、意愿和教育情况，呼吁改进培训计划和应急响应技能，以减轻职业环境中的辐射暴露风险，提供催化剂以便未来加强辐射安全协议并培育医疗界的安全文化。版权所有 © 2024 Xu、Xie、Li、Wang、Shi、Yang、Lan、Han 和 Liu。

Radiological science and nuclear technology have made great strides in the twenty-first century, with wide-ranging applications in various fields, including energy, medicine, and industry. However, those developments have been accompanied by the inherent risks of exposure to nuclear radiation, which is a source of concern owing to its potentially adverse effects on human health and safety and which is of particular relevance to medical personnel who may be exposed to certain cancers associated with low-dose radiation in their working environment. While medical radiation workers have seen a decrease in their occupational exposure since the 1950s thanks to improved measures for radiation protection, a concerning lack of understanding and awareness persists among medical professionals regarding these potential hazards and the required safety precautions. This issue is further compounded by insufficient capabilities in emergency response. This highlights the urgent need to strengthen radiation safety education and training to ensure the well-being of medical staff who play a critical role in radiological and nuclear emergencies. This review examines the health hazards of nuclear radiation to healthcare workers and the awareness and willingness and education of healthcare workers on radiation protection, calling for improved training programs and emergency response skills to mitigate the risks of radiation exposure in the occupational environment, providing a catalyst for future enhancement of radiation safety protocols and fostering of a culture of safety in the medical community.Copyright © 2024 Xu, Xie, Li, Wang, Shi, Yang, Lan, Han and Liu.