甲状腺癌是常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，多数病例呈惰性。淋巴转移作为代表性的转移类型决定了甲状腺癌的临床分期和预后。恶性肿瘤淋巴转移的机制多年来一直是研究热点，并取得一定进展。本文综述了淋巴管分子标志物及其在肿瘤诊治中的应用、淋巴管生成在淋巴转移中的机制和作用、淋巴引流追踪前哨淋巴结的方法以及超声在颈部淋巴中的应用等方面进行综述。本文重点介绍了常规超声、经静脉超声造影、经淋巴超声造影在甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移中的应用。

Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy,with most cases being indolent.Lymphatic metastasis as a representative metastasis type defines the clinical stage and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma.The mechanism of lymphatic metastasis in malignancies has been a research hotspot for years,and certain progress being achieved.This article reviews the molecular markers of lymphatic vessels and their application in diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms,the mechanism and role of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic metastasis,the tracing methods for sentinel lymph nodes by lymphatic drainage,and the use of ultrasound in cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.Especially,this paper details the application of conventional ultrasound,transvenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound,and trans-lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound in cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.