萜类吲哚生物碱 (TIA) 是在药用植物中发现的天然化合物，具有多种治疗活性，如抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗蠕虫和抗肿瘤特性。然而，植物中这些生物碱的产量有限，并且由于癌症发病率的增加，对它们的需求很高。为了弥补这一研究空白，研究人员重点关注优化培养基、诱导代谢途径、过度表达基因以及在植物以外的生物体中寻找 TIA 的潜在来源。生物合成途径中必需基因和酶的数量不足是 TIA 产量有限的原因。随着从生物物种中发现天然产物的领域不断发展，内生菌作为具有多种化学结构的生物活性代谢物的潜在来源正在被越来越多地研究。内生菌是对宿主植物和内生细胞的代谢途径产生重大影响的微生物（真菌、细菌、古细菌和放线菌）。内生真菌的生物勘探已发现具有商业意义的新型、高价值生物活性化合物。内生实体丰富但尚未得到充分研究的多样性使得具有治疗意义的次生代谢物的发现变得更加容易。据观察，内生真菌由于细胞分隔而具有更好的中间加工能力。本文重点介绍真菌内生菌及其生产复杂 TIA 的代谢能力、该领域的最新进展，并讨论与 TIA 生产相关的局限性和未来前景。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 的独家许可德国，施普林格自然的一部分。

Terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) are natural compounds found in medicinal plants that exhibit various therapeutic activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-helminthic, and anti-tumor properties. However, the production of these alkaloids in plants is limited, and there is a high demand for them due to the increasing incidence of cancer cases. To address this research gap, researchers have focused on optimizing culture media, eliciting metabolic pathways, overexpressing genes, and searching for potential sources of TIAs in organisms other than plants. The insufficient number of essential genes and enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway is the reason behind the limited production of TIAs. As the field of natural product discovery from biological species continues to grow, endophytes are being investigated more and more as potential sources of bioactive metabolites with a variety of chemical structures. Endophytes are microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, archaea, and actinomycetes), that exert a significant influence on the metabolic pathways of both the host plants and the endophytic cells. Bio-prospection of fungal endophytes has shown the discovery of novel, high-value bioactive compounds of commercial significance. The discovery of therapeutically significant secondary metabolites has been made easier by endophytic entities' abundant but understudied diversity. It has been observed that fungal endophytes have better intermediate processing ability due to cellular compartmentation. This paper focuses on fungal endophytes and their metabolic ability to produce complex TIAs, recent advancements in this area, and addressing the limitations and future perspectives related to TIA production.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.