针对新的高致病性病毒株的抗病毒药物的供应有限，已成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。因此，针对这些病原体的新闻产品已成为迫切需要。在新闻抗生素和抗病毒药物的多种来源中，昆虫分泌物或其产品已成为越来越常见的选择。昆虫出现于 3.5 亿年前，对多种多样的生物群落表现出高度的适应性和抵抗力。它们在如此不同的环境中生存了这么长时间，这表明它们对环境感染有非常有效的保护，尽管它们没有像哺乳动物那样发达的免疫系统。自古代文明以来，从蜜蜂中获得的产品就具有重要的药理学意义，具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种功能。人们已经对蜂胶的生物活性进行了研究，主要是在意大利蜜蜂物种中，其产品显示出对一些重要病毒的活性。然而，对于被称为无刺蜂的 Meliponini 物种，无论是对其化学成分还是其生物活性的研究都很少。研究这些蜜蜂的重要性在于，它们来自有原生森林的地区，因此有许多植物物种尚未研究，此外，它们还是没有农药的地区，这保证了所获得的数据具有更高的保真度。我们小组之前对蜂胶粗水醇提取物进行的研究表明，它对疱疹、流感和风疹病毒具有强烈的抗病毒活性。在这项工作中，我们选择使用水提取物，除了提取与醇提取物中获得的物质不同的物质外，它还消除了除蜂胶中最初存在的化合物之外的其他化合物的存在。因此，本研究旨在鉴定、分离和表征来自 Scaptotrigona aff postica 的水性蜂胶提取物中对寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅热和马亚罗病毒等新兴病毒具有抗病毒作用的化合物。通过减少 VERO 细胞培养物中的感染灶来评估粗制和纯化材料的抗病毒活性。使用粗蜂胶获得的结果表明，当使用 10% v/v 蜂胶时，zica 病毒 (64×) 和马亚罗 (128×) 大幅减少。即使使用 5% v/v 蜂胶，基孔肯雅病毒的减少量仍达 256 倍。通过高压液相色谱法对提取物中存在的化合物进行化学表征。通过HPLC和质谱法纯化蜂胶，可以鉴定并分离出具有抗病毒活性的峰。该物质对所有测试的病毒均表现出活性。当使用纯化级分时，观察到寨卡病毒减少了 16 倍，马亚罗病毒减少了 32 倍，基孔肯雅病毒减少了 512 倍。同样，我们观察到抗病毒反应是浓度依赖性的，当病毒感染后 2 小时添加蜂胶时，抗病毒反应更加强烈。现在我们正在对显示出抗病毒作用的纯化化合物进行化学表征。© 2024。作者。

The limited availability of antivirals for new highly pathogenic strains of virus has become a serious public health. Therefore, news products against these pathogens has become an urgent necessity. Among the multiple sources for news antibiotics and antivirals, insect exudates or their products has become an increasingly frequent option. Insects emerged 350 million years ago and have showed a high adaptability and resistance to the most varied biomes. Their survival for so long, in such different environments, is an indication that they have a very efficient protection against environmental infections, despite not having a developed immune system like mammals. Since the ancient civilizations, the products obtained from the bee have been of great pharmacological importance, being used as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and several other functions. Investigations of biological activity of propolis have been carried out, mainly in the species Apis mellifera, and its product have showed activity against some important viruses. However, for the Meliponini species, known as stingless bees, there are few studies, either on their chemical composition or on their biological activities. The importance of studying these bees is because they come from regions with native forests, and therefore with many species of plants not yet studied, in addition to which they are regions still free of pesticides, which guarantees a greater fidelity of the obtained data. Previous studies by our group with crude hydroalcoholic extract of propolis demonstrated an intense antiviral activity against Herpes, influenza, and rubella viruses. In this work, we chose to use aqueous extracts, which eliminates the presence of other compounds besides those originally present in propolis, in addition to extracting substances different from those obtained in alcoholic extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to identify, isolate and characterize compounds with antiviral effects from aqueous propolis extracts from Scaptotrigona aff postica, in emerging viruses such as zicavirus, chikungunya, and mayaro virus. The evaluation of the antiviral activity of the crude and purified material was performed by reducing infectious foci in VERO cell cultures. The results obtained with crude propolis, indicate a high reduction of zica virus (64×) and mayaro (128×) when was used 10% v/v of propolis. The reduction of chikungunya virus was of 256 fold, even when was used 5% v/v of propolis. The chemical characterization of the compounds present in the extracts was performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Through the purification of propolis by HPLC and mass spectrometry, it was possible to identify and isolate a peak with antiviral activity. This substance showed activity against all viruses tested. When purified fraction was used, the reduction observed was of 16 fold for zicavirus, 32 fold for mayaro virus and 512 fold for chikungunya virus. Likewise, it was observed that the antiviral response was concentration dependent, being more intense when propolis was added 2 h after the viral infection. Now we are carrying out the chemical characterization of the purified compounds that showed antiviral action.© 2024. The Author(s).