神经鞘瘤是良性的，通常是由施万细胞衍生的有包膜的神经鞘肿瘤，影响单个或多个神经。这些肿瘤通常起源于颅神经，如听神经瘤，但在骨盆和腹膜后区域极为罕见。腹膜后盆腔神经鞘瘤经常出现非特异性症状，导致误诊和长期发病。我们报道了一名 59 岁女性的病例，该女性表现为下腹部沉重感，被发现患有腹膜后盆腔神经鞘瘤。右股神经。她有四肢四个不同部位的周围神经鞘瘤两次切除史。经过磁共振检查，这起盆腔神经鞘瘤被误诊为妇科恶性肿瘤。通过腹腔镜手术，肿瘤被成功切除。肿块的病理分析显示为良性股神经鞘神经鞘瘤，且 S-100 蛋白呈强弥漫性阳性。虽然腹膜后盆腔神经鞘瘤很少见，但在盆腔肿块的鉴别诊断中应予以考虑，尤其是患有以下疾病的患者：神经源性肿块病史或其他地方存在神经源性肿块。© 2024。作者。

Schwannomas are benign usually encapsulated nerve sheath tumors derived from the Schwann cells, and affecting single or multiple nerves. The tumors commonly arise from the cranial nerves as acoustic neurinomas but they are extremely rare in the pelvis and the retroperitoneal area. Retroperitoneal pelvic schwannomas often present with non-specific symptoms leading to misdiagnosis and prolonged morbidity.We report the case of a 59-year-old woman presenting with a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen who was found to have a retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma originating from the right femoral nerve. She had a history of two resections of peripheral schwannomas at four different sites of limbs. After conducting magnetic resonance imaging, this pelvic schwannoma was misdiagnosed as a gynecological malignancy. The tumor was successfully removed by laparoscopic surgery. Pathological analysis of the mass revealed a benign schwannoma of the femoral nerve sheath with demonstrating strong, diffuse positivity for S-100 protein.Although retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses, especially in patients with a history of neurogenic mass or the presence of neurogenic mass elsewhere.© 2024. The Author(s).