虽然免疫检查点抑制剂代表了转移性肾细胞癌的主流治疗方法，但免疫检查点抑制剂的标准化方法仍不清楚。我们报告一例接受纳武单抗再挑战治疗的转移性肾细胞癌病例。一名 60 岁男性，患有转移性黑色素瘤，因右肾癌被转诊至泌尿科。他正在接受纳武单抗治疗转移性黑色素瘤。根治性肾切除术显示透明细胞肾细胞癌，pT3a。手术后两个月，发现多处转移。尽管随后使用了干扰素-α、阿西替尼和替西罗莫司，但转移仍在进展。因此，开始了纳武单抗再激发和姑息性放疗，产生了 20 个月的持久反应。然而，疾病进展，肾切除术后4年他死于癌症。这是转移性肾细胞癌中纳武单抗再挑战的第一份报告。尽管效用尚不清楚，但该病例表明一些患者可能会从纳武单抗再挑战中受益。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利 (John Wiley) 出版的 IJU 病例报告

While immune checkpoint inhibitors represent the mainstream treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a standardized approach following immune checkpoint inhibitors remains unclear. We report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab rechallenge.A 60-year-old male with metastatic melanoma was referred to the urology division due to right renal cancer. He was undergoing nivolumab treatment for metastatic melanoma. Radical nephrectomy revealed clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pT3a. Two months post-surgery, multiple metastases were identified. Despite subsequent administration of interferon-α, axitinib, and temsirolimus, the metastases progressed. Consequently, nivolumab rechallenge and palliative radiotherapy were initiated, resulting in a durable response for 20 months. However, disease progression occurred, and he died of cancer 4 years after nephrectomy.This is the first report of nivolumab rechallenge in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although the utility remains unclear, this case suggests that some patients may benefit from nivolumab rechallenge.© 2024 The Authors. IJU Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Urological Association.