肾上腺囊肿很少见，由于缺乏有关其自然史的数据，适当的治疗尚不清楚。了解肾上腺囊肿的生长模式将有助于临床管理。这项单机构研究包括 2004 年至 2021 年间诊断为单纯性肾上腺囊肿的所有成年患者。使用卡方检验、学生 t 检验和 Wilcoxon 秩和检验。对所有进行影像学随访的患者绘制了生长曲线和敏感性分析。我们确定了 77 名影像学证实的肾上腺囊肿患者。大多数是女性（75.3%），一半以上是白人（55.8%）。三分之一的患者接受了 ADX，其余患者进行观察。 ADX 患者较年轻（中位年龄 [IQR]：55.5 岁 [45.0-68.2 岁] 对比 44.2 岁 [38.7-55.0 岁]，p = 0.01）并且更有可能是西班牙裔（12% 对比 0%，p = 0.05）。 ADX 患者出现较大的囊肿（5.6 与 2.6 厘米，p = 0.002）。 ADX 从诊断到最后一次随访的中位时间为 1.1 年，OBS 为 4.1 年。 OBS 的平均增长率为 0.3 厘米/年，而 ADX 的平均增长率为 3.9 厘米/年。在 ADX 患者中，>10 cm 的囊肿生长速度明显快于 <10 cm 的囊肿（中位生长速度 13.2 cm/年 vs. 0.3 cm/年，p < 0.05）。没有肾上腺恶性肿瘤诊断、功能亢进或与观察相关的并发症（例如破裂）。虽然尺寸 >4-6 厘米指导了实性肾上腺肿块的手术转诊，但本研究表明，尺寸阈值为 10 厘米，低于该阈值则无症状，可以安全地观察简单的肾上腺囊肿。© 2024 国际外科学会/Société Internationale de Chirurgie (ISS/SIC)。

Adrenal cysts are rare and appropriate management is unclear due to a lack of data on their natural history. Understanding adrenal cyst growth patterns would assist in clinical management.This single-institution study included all adult patients diagnosed with simple adrenal cysts between 2004 and 2021. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of those who underwent resection (ADX) or observation (OBS) were compared using the chi-squared test, student's t-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Growth curves and sensitivity analysis were plotted for all patients who had follow-up imaging.We identified 77 patients with imaging-confirmed adrenal cysts. The majority were female (75.3%) and more than half were white (55.8%). One-third of patients underwent ADX, and the remaining were observed. ADX patients were younger (median age [IQR]: 55.5 y [45.0-68.2 y] vs. 44.2 y [38.7-55.0 y], p = 0.01) and more likely to be Hispanic (12% vs. 0%, p = 0.05). ADX patients presented with larger cysts (5.6 vs. 2.6 cm, p = 0.002). The median time from diagnosis to last follow-up was 1.1 y for ADX and 4.1 y for OBS. Average growth for OBS was 0.3 cm/y, while average growth for ADX was 3.9 cm/y. In ADX patients, cysts >10 cm grew significantly faster than cysts <10 cm (median growth rate 13.2 cm/y vs. 0.3 cm/y, p < 0.05). There was no adrenal malignancy diagnosis, hyperfunctionality, or observation-related complications (e.g., rupture).While size >4-6 cm has guided surgical referral for solid adrenal masses, this study demonstrates a size threshold of 10 cm, below which asymptomatic, simple adrenal cysts can safely be observed.© 2024 International Society of Surgery/Société Internationale de Chirurgie (ISS/SIC).