播散性念珠菌病是接受化疗或造血干细胞移植的血液恶性肿瘤患者的严重并发症。它的死亡率很高。当热带念珠菌引起的播散性念珠菌病累及大脑或心脏时，预后极差。培养等传统方法在诊断播散性念珠菌病方面受到限制。我们描述了一名患有急性髓性白血病的 55 岁男性的病例报告，他在化疗后出现了由热带念珠菌引起的念珠菌血症，广泛传播到心脏、大脑、皮肤、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏。本例中，患者通过宏基因组二代测序快速诊断为念珠菌感染，并采用艾沙康唑和两性霉素B联合治疗成功治疗。患者继续白血病治疗，同时接受抗真菌治疗，白血病和播散性念珠菌病均得到治愈。得到有效控制。本病例报告提供了治疗白血病并发播散性念珠菌病患者的真实经验。版权所有 © 2024 滕、叶、王、张、陶、阴、阳。

Disseminated candidiasis is a severe complication in patients with hematological malignancies who have undergone chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It has a high mortality rate. When disseminated candidiasis caused by Candida tropicalis involves either the brain or heart, the prognosis is extremely poor. Traditional methods such as cultures are limited in diagnosing disseminated candidiasis. We describe a case report of a 55-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia who developed candidemia caused by Candida tropicalis after chemotherapy, which disseminated extensively to the heart, brain, skin, liver, spleen and kidneys. In this instance, the patient was rapidly diagnosed with candida infection by metagenomic next generation sequencing, and successfully treated with combination therapy of isavuconazole and amphotericin B. The patient continued with treatment of leukemia while simultaneously receiving antifungal therapy, and both leukemia and disseminated candidiasis were effectively controlled. This case report provides real-world experience for treatment of patients with leukemia complicated by disseminated candidiasis.Copyright © 2024 Teng, Ye, Wang, Zhang, Tao, Yin and Yang.