苹果是最具营养价值的水果之一，并且在中药中具有使用历史。苹果中的主要生物活性化合物三萜类化合物具有显着的抗肿瘤活性。经过富集和优化，苹果皮总三萜类化合物（ATT）中主要三萜类化合物的总含量达到5.76 g kg-1。 ATT治疗后MDA-MB-231异种移植肿瘤的生长受到显着抑制。网络药理学分析最终确定了 ATT 的抗肿瘤作用与磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶-蛋白激酶 B (PI3K-Akt) 信号通路之间的密切关联。使用MDA-MB-231细胞和异种移植裸鼠模型进行的实验验证证实，ATT通过调节PI3K-Akt信号通路有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，这与网络药理学的发现一致。苹果皮总三萜还通过介导 PI3K-Akt 信号通路诱导细胞凋亡。苹果皮总三萜可以通过 PI3K-Akt 信号通路有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡，表明 ATT 有希望作为一种抗肿瘤药物。乳腺癌治疗的前瞻性治疗剂。 © 2024 化学工业协会。© 2024 化学工业协会。

Apples are among the most nutritionally valuable fruits and have a history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Triterpenoids, the primary bioactive compounds found in apples, demonstrate significant antitumor activity.Following enrichment and optimization, the total content of major triterpenoids in total triterpenoids from apple peels (ATT) reached 5.76 g kg-1. The growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors was significantly inhibited after treatment with ATT. Network pharmacology analysis conclusively identified a close association between the antitumor effect of ATT and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway. Experimental validation using MDA-MB-231 cells and a xenograft nude mouse model confirmed that ATT suppressed tumor cell proliferation effectively by modulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which was consistent with the findings from network pharmacology. The total triterpenoids from apple peels also induced cell apoptosis by mediating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The total triterpenoids from apple peels can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis effectively through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, suggesting that ATT holds promise as a prospective therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.