白血病是一种以白细胞异常增加为特征的血癌，对医疗保健提出了重大挑战。成功治疗的关键在于早期发现。然而，传统方法常常达不到要求。本综述探讨了电化学生物传感器在更准确、更早地诊断白血病方面的潜力。电化学生物传感器是一种紧凑的设备，可将生物相互作用转化为电信号。它们体积小、易于使用且样品要求极低，因此非常适合即时护理应用。它们卓越的灵敏度和特异性能够检测与白血病相关的细微生物分子变化，这对于早期疾病检测至关重要。本综述深入研究了利用这些生物传感器来识别各种类型的白血病的研究。它研究了电极、生物识别元件和信号转导机制的作用。讨论包括将金纳米粒子和氮掺杂石墨烯等纳米材料集成到生物传感器设计中。这些材料可提高灵敏度、增强信号放大并促进多分析物检测，从而提供对疾病的更全面的了解。除了技术进步之外，该评论还强调了这些生物传感器的实际好处。它们的便携性使它们成为资源有限环境中很有前途的工具，可以在偏远地区或患者床边进行快速诊断。还探讨了监测治疗效果和检测微小残留病以预防复发的潜力。这篇综述强调了电化学生物传感器在对抗白血病方面的变革潜力。通过促进更早、更准确的诊断，这些生物传感器将彻底改变患者护理并提高治疗效果。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Leukemia, a type of blood cancer marked by an abnormal increase in white blood cells, poses a significant challenge to healthcare. The key to successful treatment lies in early detection. However, traditional methods often fall short. This review investigates the potential of electrochemical biosensors for a more accurate and earlier diagnosis of leukemia. Electrochemical biosensors are compact devices that transform biological interactions into electrical signals. Their small size, ease of use, and minimal sample requirements make them perfectly suited for point-of-care applications. Their remarkable sensitivity and specificity enable the detection of subtle biomolecular changes associated with leukemia, which is crucial for early disease detection. This review delves into studies that have utilized these biosensors to identify various types of leukemia. It examines the roles of electrodes, biorecognition elements, and signal transduction mechanisms. The discussion includes the integration of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphene into biosensor design. These materials boost sensitivity, enhance signal amplification, and facilitate multi-analyte detection, thereby providing a more holistic view of the disease. Beyond technical advancements, the review underscores the practical benefits of these biosensors. Their portability makes them a promising tool for resource-constrained settings, enabling swift diagnosis in remote areas or at a patient's bedside. The potential for monitoring treatment effectiveness and detecting minimal residual disease to prevent relapse is also explored. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of electrochemical biosensors in combating leukemia. By facilitating earlier and more accurate diagnosis, these biosensors stand to revolutionize patient care and enhance treatment outcomes.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.