头颈鳞状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 与吸烟、吸食鸦片和人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染有关。然而，人们对 HPV 感染与 HNSCC 危险因素（包括鸦片和烟草使用）之间的关系知之甚少。这项针对伊朗国家多中心病例对照研究的横断面分析包括 498 例 HNSCC 病例和 242 例对照。我们使用基于特定珠子的多重基因分型测定，研究了鸦片和烟草的使用与唾液样本中 α- (n = 21)、β- (n = 46) 和 γ-HPV (n = 52) 类型的关联。 TS-MPG）。我们发现，α-HPV 阳性与吸烟显着相关（OR = 10.35；95% CI= 1.15, 93；p = .03），但与鸦片使用无关（OR = 1.06；95% CI= 0.41, 2.76；p = .03）。 p = .89)。此外，吸烟与β-2型HPV感染风险升高相关（OR = 1.28；95% CI = 1.04, 1.58；p = .020）。相反，鸦片使用与 γ 12 型 HPV 感染呈正相关（OR = 5.67；95% CI = 1.43, 22.44；p = .013）。这些发现表明，烟草和鸦片的使用可能会以不同的方式影响 HPV 感染的风险，具体取决于 HPV 属和种。需要进一步研究在其他人群中复制这些发现。© 2024 UICC。

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are linked to tobacco smoking, opium use, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, little is known about the association of HPV infection with risk factors of HNSCCs, including opium and tobacco use. This cross-sectional analysis of a national multi-center case-control study in Iran included 498 HNSCC cases and 242 controls. We investigated the association of opium and tobacco use with α- (n = 21), β- (n = 46), and γ-HPV (n = 52) types in saliva samples using type-specific bead-based multiplex genotyping assays (TS-MPG). We found that α-HPV positivity was significantly associated with tobacco smoking (OR = 10.35; 95% CI = 1.15, 93; p = .03), but not with opium use (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.41, 2.76; p = .89). Additionally, tobacco smoking correlated with an elevated risk of β-species 2 HPV infection (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.58; p = .020). Conversely, opium use showed a positive association with γ-species 12 HPV infection (OR = 5.67; 95% CI = 1.43, 22.44; p = .013). These findings indicate that tobacco and opium use may influence the risk of HPV infection in different ways depending on the HPV genus and species. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings in other populations.© 2024 UICC.