肝脏在人体内具有独特的再生能力。正常情况下，肝细胞会自我复制以维持肝功能。健康肝细胞的代偿性复制足以实现急性肝损伤后的再生。慢性肝损伤晚期，肝细胞大量死亡，肝细胞复制受阻。肝脏再生具有更复杂的机制，例如细胞类型之间或肝祖细胞介导的转分化。肝再生失调会导致严重的慢性肝病。更全面地了解肝再生机制将有助于有效治疗方法的进步。本综述概述了与各种肝脏疾病中肝再生不同方面相关的信号通路。此外，还提出了再生过程中细胞相互作用的新知识。最后，本文探讨了纳米技术、干细胞移植和类器官等新技术在损伤后肝脏再生中的潜在应用，为治疗肝病提供了新的视角。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《临床与转化医学》

The liver possesses a distinctive capacity for regeneration within the human body. Under normal circumstances, liver cells replicate themselves to maintain liver function. Compensatory replication of healthy hepatocytes is sufficient for the regeneration after acute liver injuries. In the late stage of chronic liver damage, a large number of hepatocytes die and hepatocyte replication is blocked. Liver regeneration has more complex mechanisms, such as the transdifferentiation between cell types or hepatic progenitor cells mediated. Dysregulation of liver regeneration causes severe chronic liver disease. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of liver regeneration mechanisms would facilitate the advancement of efficient therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the signalling pathways linked to different aspects of liver regeneration in various liver diseases. Moreover, new knowledge on cellular interactions during the regenerative process is also presented. Finally, this paper explores the potential applications of new technologies, such as nanotechnology, stem cell transplantation and organoids, in liver regeneration after injury, offering fresh perspectives on treating liver disease.© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.