类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种由抗原肽引发的炎症性自身免疫性疾病，具有环境和遗传危险因素。研究表明，抗原特异性靶向可以通过恢复对自身抗原的免疫耐受而不损害正常免疫力，成为 RA 的一种有前景的治疗策略。抗原的瓜氨酸化增强抗原特性并诱导自身免疫反应。在此，我们发现瓜氨酸抗原 (citAg) 疫苗可通过减少 T 辅助细胞 1 (Th1) 和 Th17 细胞、下调促炎细胞因子（包括白细胞介素 6 和肿瘤坏死因子 α）来改善胶原诱导的关节炎 (CIA)，并抑制抗原回忆回应。 B 细胞受体 (BCR) 测序进一步表明，citAg 疫苗可以抑制失调的 V(D)J 重组，恢复免疫库。综上所述，结果表明citAg疫苗可能对RA有治疗作用。版权所有©2024中国科学出版社。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease triggered by antigenic peptides with environmental and genetic risk factors. It has been shown that antigen-specific targeting could be a promising therapeutical strategy for RA by restoring immune tolerance to self-antigens without compromising normal immunity. Citrullination of antigens enhances antigenic properties and induces autoimmune responses. Here, we showed that citrullinated antigenic (citAg) vaccine ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with decreased T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, downregulated proinflammatory cytokines including interlukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inhibited antigen recall responses. B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing further revealed that citAg vaccine could dampen the dysregulated V(D)J recombination, restoring the immune repertoire. Taken together, the results demonstrated that citAg vaccine might have a therapeutic effect on RA.Copyright © 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.