鼻咽癌（NPC）合并非结核分枝杆菌肺部疾病（NTM-PD）的患者在临床上非常罕见，我们的病例是首例鼻咽癌合并NTM-PD的患者。对于肿瘤科医生来说，快速控制感染症状对于治疗原发病至关重要。 一名 58 岁男性，鼻咽癌化疗后出现 NTM-PD。化疗后粒细胞增多是各种感染性疾病发生的主要因素。患者头部MRI发现鼻咽肿瘤，鼻内镜切除鼻内病灶后病理检查考虑鼻咽恶性肿瘤，经肿瘤科确诊为鼻咽非角化癌（T4N1M0，IV期）。患者化疗后出现骨髓抑制，因感染性休克入院。胸部CT检查提示肺部感染，经验性抗生素治疗无效。 NGS结果显示，患者感染脓肿分枝杆菌。我们先用头孢西丁治疗，然后用莫西沙星治疗，肺部病变明显减轻。鼻咽癌合并NTM-PD非常罕见，NTM-PD的治疗对于患者原发病的预后非常重要。我们的研究为免疫抑制患者的抗感染治疗提供了经验。© 2024 Li et al.

Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) combined with non-tuberculous Mycobacteria-pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are very rare in the clinic, and our case is the first patient with NPC combined with NTM-PD. For oncologists, rapid control of the symptoms of infection is essential to the treatment of the primary disease.A 58-year-old man who developed a NTM-PD after chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Granulocytosis after chemotherapy is a major factor in the development of various infectious diseases. Nasopharyngeal tumor was found on MRI of the patient's head, and nasopharyngeal malignant tumor was considered after pathological examination after endoscopic resection of intranasal lesion, and then nasopharyngeal non-keratonic carcinoma (T4N1M0, stage IV) was confirmed in the department of oncology. The patient developed bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy and was admitted to hospital due to septic shock. Chest CT examination indicated pulmonary infection, and empirical antibiotic treatment was not effective. The NGS results showed that the patient was infected with Mycobacterium abscess. We treated with cefoxitin followed by moxifloxacin to reduce the lung lesions significantly.NPC with NTM-PD is very rare, and the treatment of NTM-PD is very important for the prognosis of the patient's primary disease. Our study provides experience for anti-infection treatment of patients with immunosuppression.© 2024 Li et al.