在对癌症创新诊断工具的不懈追求中，这篇综述阐明了细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的前沿领域及其通过先进的光学生物传感技术进行的生物分子货物检测，重点强调了它们在癌症诊断中的重要性。从纳米材料的复杂领域到表面等离子体共振的精度，我们在此研究了光学生物传感器的多样化领域，强调了它们在癌症诊断中的特定应用。通过探索和理解电动汽车的细节，我们提出了增强和混合信号的创新应用，超越了极限，以更高的灵敏度和特异性增强了我们感知和区分的能力。我们对癌症诊断的特别关注强调了光学生物传感器在早期检测和个性化医疗方面的变革潜力。这篇综述旨在帮助引导研究人员、临床医生和爱好者进入光与细胞秘密相遇的迷人领域，为癌症诊断创造创新机会。

In the relentless pursuit of innovative diagnostic tools for cancer, this review illuminates the cutting-edge realm of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their biomolecular cargo detection through advanced optical biosensing techniques with a primary emphasis on their significance in cancer diagnosis. From the sophisticated domain of nanomaterials to the precision of surface plasmon resonance, we herein examine the diverse universe of optical biosensors, emphasizing their specified applications in cancer diagnosis. Exploring and understanding the details of EVs, we present innovative applications of enhancing and blending signals, going beyond the limits to sharpen our ability to sense and distinguish with greater sensitivity and specificity. Our special focus on cancer diagnosis underscores the transformative potential of optical biosensors in early detection and personalized medicine. This review aims to help guide researchers, clinicians, and enthusiasts into the captivating domain where light meets cellular secrets, creating innovative opportunities in cancer diagnostics.