髓外浆细胞瘤是一种罕见的局限性浆细胞肿瘤，通常见于骨髓外的软组织。主要发生在头颈部区域，特别是鼻窦和鼻咽区域，由于其不常见的性质，它提出了诊断挑战。在此，我们报告了一名 38 岁唐氏综合症女性患者，患有间歇性发声困难、声音嘶哑和进行性呼吸窘迫（包括呼吸困难、疲劳和双相喘鸣）已有 2 年时间。通过柔性喉镜检查发现白色病变，促使直接进行显微喉手术切除一个 1x1 厘米的肿块。组织学检查结果证实诊断为孤立性髓外浆细胞瘤。值得注意的是，这是第一例有记录的唐氏综合症患者喉部孤立性髓外浆细胞瘤病例。该病例强调了考虑唐氏综合症患者喉部肿瘤发展的重要性，并强调了制定定制管理策略以有效解决此类事件的必要性。提高对这种关联的认识有助于早期发现该人群的肿瘤并进行适当的治疗。版权所有：© 2024 作者。

Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare localized plasma cell neoplasm typically found in soft tissues outside the bone marrow. Predominantly occurring in the head and neck region, particularly in the sinonasal and nasopharyngeal areas, it presents a diagnostic challenge due to its uncommon nature. Herein, we report a 38-year-old female patient with Down's syndrome with a 2-year complaint of intermittent dysphonia, hoarseness, and progressive respiratory distress, including dyspnea, fatigue, and biphasic stridor. Examination via flexible laryngoscopy revealed a white lesion, prompting direct microscopic laryngeal surgery to excise a 1x1 cm mass. Histological findings confirmed the diagnosis as solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Notably, this represented the first documented case of laryngeal solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in a patient with Down's syndrome. This case underscores the importance of considering tumor development in the larynx among individuals with Down's syndrome, highlighting the necessity for tailored management strategies to address such occurrences effectively. Increasing awareness of this association can aid in early detection and appropriate treatment of tumors in this population.Copyright: © 2024 The Authors.