肺癌是癌症死亡的主要原因。在不同的肺癌组织病理学中，小细胞肺癌（SCLC）被认为是最具侵袭性和致命性的。本研究分析了伊朗三级癌症护理中心 SCLC 的流行病学特征、结果和趋势。回顾性收集了 2009 年至 2019 年国家结核病和肺部疾病研究所经组织学证实的 SCLC 患者的人口特征和生存结果数据。在一项对 334 例 SCLC 患者的研究中，男性患者多于女性，比例为 2.5 比 1，诊断时的平均年龄为 58.36 岁。虽然女性的性别分布和吸烟状况在研究期间保持一致，但男性吸烟者显着增加（P<0.001）。与男性患者相比，女性患者的诊断年龄较年轻且吸烟者比例显着较低（P<0.016）。平均总生存期和中位总生存期分别为 10.9 个月和 8.2 个月，一年、两年和三年生存率分别为 21%、10% 和 3%。年轻患者和女性的生存率明显更高。在单/多变量分析中，只有年龄 < 58 岁和女性与较长生存期显着相关。我们的系列中 SCLC 的趋势相对不变，这表明预防策略（特别是戒烟、早期检测和新的治疗方案）的进一步研究是必要的急需。版权所有© 2023 国家结核病和肺部疾病研究所。

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Among different lung cancer histopathologies, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been known to be the most aggressive and lethal nature. This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, outcomes, and trends of SCLC at a tertiary cancer care center in Iran.Retrospectively collected demographic characteristics and survival outcome data on histologically proven SCLC patients during 2009-2019 at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) were reviewed.In a study of 334 SCLC patients, there were more male patients than female, with a ratio of 2.5 to 1, and the mean age at diagnosis was 58.36 years. While gender distribution and smoking status among women remained consistent over the study period, there was a significant increase in male smokers (P<0.001). Female patients were diagnosed at younger age and had a significantly lower proportion of smokers compared to males (P<0.016). The mean and median overall survival were 10.9 and 8.2 months, with one-, two-, and three-year survival rates of 21%, 10%, and 3% respectively. Younger patients and females had significantly higher survival rates. In both uni/multivariate analyses, only age < 58 years and female gender were significantly associated with longer survival.The relatively unchanged trend of SCLC in our series suggests that further research on prevention strategies especially smoking cessation, early detection, and new treatment options is urgently required.Copyright© 2023 National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.