目前的研究评估了 40°C 温度下的热水 A. milleri 向日葵提取物 (AMSE40) 的抗菌、抗生物膜、抗病毒和抗癌活性。 AMSE40表现出优异的抗氧化活性，IC50为1.17mg/mL（抗坏血酸），并且富含生物碱、黄酮类、酚类、皂苷和单宁等植物化学化合物，浓度为1.23%，351.60mg/g，分别为 152.50mg/g、0.98% 和 146.35mg/g。 AMSE40 对四种多重耐药分离株（包括粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌）表现出强大的抗菌和抗生物膜活性，具有最低杀菌浓度 (25 mg/mL) 和最低抑菌浓度 (12.5 mg) /mL) 对于所有分离株。 AMSE40 (62.5μg/mL) 对 CoxB4 (9.1%) 和 HSV-1 (34.4%) 显示出抗病毒功效。此外，AMSE40 诱导肝细胞系 DNA 断裂，表明细胞死亡。 AMSE40 的细胞毒性浓度对 Vero (283.2μg) 和 HepG2 细胞 (76.4μg) 有轻微影响。 A. milleri 有潜力成为创新制药和医疗应用的天然和环保来源。

The current study evaluates hot water A. milleri sunflower extracts at 40 °C temperature (AMSE40) for their antibacterial, anti-biofilm, antiviral and anticancer activities. AMSE40 exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 1.17 mg/mL (ascorbic acid) and was found to be rich in phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins, with concentrations of 1.23%, 351.60 mg/g, 152.50 mg/g, 0.98%, and 146.35 mg/g, respectively. AMSE40 showed strong antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against four multidrug-resistant isolates, comprising E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia with minimum bactericidal concentrations (25 mg/mL) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (12.5 mg/mL) for all isolates. The AMSE40 (62.5 µg/mL) showed antiviral efficacy against CoxB4 (9.1%) and HSV-1 (34.4%). Additionally, AMSE40 induced DNA fragmentation in liver cell lines, indicating cell death. The cytotoxic concentration of AMSE40 had a mild impact on Vero (283.2 µg) and HepG2 cells (76.4 µg). A. milleri has the potential to serve as a natural and eco-friendly source for innovative pharmaceutical and medical applications.