单细胞技术令人信服地证明，肿瘤组织通常包含多个基因定义的细胞亚克隆，具有不同的基因突变集以及不同的转录谱，但尚未描述微环境的空间异质性和肿瘤生态系统的宏观生物学特征。近年来，空间多组学技术在空间水平上揭示了肿瘤生态系统中的细胞相互作用、微环境，甚至全身肿瘤与宿主的相互作用，不仅可以改善手术、放疗、化疗等经典疗法同时也促进了免疫疗法中新兴靶向疗法的发展。在这里，我们回顾了癌症研究和治疗应用中的一些新兴空间组学技术，并对其未来发展提出了前景。

Single-cell techniques have convincingly demonstrated that tumor tissue usually contains multiple genetically defined cell subclones with different gene mutation sets as well as various transcriptional profiles, but the spatial heterogeneity of the microenvironment and the macrobiological characteristics of the tumor ecosystem have not been described. For the past few years, spatial multi-omics technologies have revealed the cellular interactions, microenvironment, and even systemic tumor-host interactions in the tumor ecosystem at the spatial level, which can not only improve classical therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy but also promote the development of emerging targeted therapies in immunotherapy. Here, we review some emerging spatial omics techniques in cancer research and therapeutic applications and propose prospects for their future development.