靶向免疫疗法是治疗高风险和难治性/复发性淋巴恶性肿瘤的一种有前途的方法。尽管该策略在治疗非霍奇金 B 细胞淋巴瘤和浆细胞骨髓瘤方面取得了显着成功，但可能会发生复发并导致靶抗原丢失。极少数情况下，可能会发生多个谱系特异性标记的完全丧失。我们描述了 2 例 B 细胞肿瘤病例，并提供了免疫组织化学、细胞遗传学和分子结果。靶向 CAR-T 治疗后，两个病例（一种是侵袭性 B 细胞淋巴瘤，另一种是浆细胞骨髓瘤）分别丢失了 B 细胞和浆细胞抗原。靶向治疗后谱系特异性标志物完全丧失是一种罕见的事件，这使得复发肿瘤的诊断具有挑战性。在本文中，我们还回顾了文献，并强调了靶向治疗后抗原丢失的可能机制。© 2024。作者获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 德国（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

Targeted immunotherapy is a promising approach in treating high-risk and refractory/relapsed lymphoid malignancies. Although this strategy has shown a significant success in treating non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas and plasma cell myeloma, relapse with loss of targeted antigen can occur. Rarely, complete loss of multiple lineage specific markers can happen. We are describing 2 cases of B-cell neoplasms along with contributing immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic, and molecular results. Post-targeted CAR-T therapy, both cases, one aggressive B-cell lymphoma and the other plasma cell myeloma, lost B-cell, and plasma cell antigens, respectively. Complete loss of lineage specific markers post-targeted therapy is a rare event that makes the diagnosis of the relapsed neoplasm challenging. In this article, we also reviewed the literature and highlighted possible mechanisms of antigen loss following targeted therapy.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.