先天性舌头肿瘤在儿科患者中很少见，但涵盖多种实体。每种肿瘤类型都表现出不同的临床行为，因此需要一种精确的方法来区分肿瘤类型和量身定制的肿瘤特异性治疗方案。先进的成像技术，例如弥散加权成像和灌注研究，在区分良性和恶性舌肿瘤方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文综述了当前关于先天性舌肿瘤的表现、影像学特征和治疗的知识。通过检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Scopus等数据库中有关先天性舌肿瘤的研究进行文献综述。从所选文章中提取了相关数据，如不同肿瘤类型的临床特征、放射学特征、治疗方式和结果。我们的文献综述揭示了先天性舌肿瘤的各种实体，可根据遗传模式、表型和稀有性。先天性舌肿瘤包括一系列血管畸形，如血管瘤、淋巴管畸形、动静脉畸形、静脉畸形等。另一种实体以囊性病变为代表，包括皮样囊肿、表皮样囊肿、毛茛和粘液潴留囊肿。罕见的恶性肿瘤包括畸胎瘤和横纹肌肉瘤。这些肿瘤类型在肿胀、呼吸困难或口腔功能受损方面有所不同，具体取决于大小和位置。这些肿瘤的检测可以使用超声、磁共振成像和计算机断层扫描等成像方式进行，这些成像方式用于促进诊断和鉴别。目前，手术切除仍然是治疗的基石，同时也可以根据肿瘤类型和范围采用其他治疗方式。先天性舌肿瘤的预后可能受到肿瘤部位、大小、重要结构受累和恶性程度的影响。鉴于其多样性和复杂性，先天性舌肿瘤虽然不常见，但需要根据每种肿瘤类型的特点进行专门的临床治疗。了解不同的表现和影像学特征可以实现准确的诊断，而定制的治疗策略是优化小儿舌肿瘤结果和最大程度降低发病率的关键。本综述总结了旨在加强这些不同实体的鉴别诊断和管理的当前知识。

Congenital tumors of the tongue are rare in pediatric patients but encompass a diverse range of entities. Each tumor type exhibits distinct clinical behaviors, necessitating a precise approach to differentiating the tumor types and a tailored, tumor-specific treatment regimen. Advanced imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion studies, play a vital role in differentiating benign and malignant tongue tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the presentation, imaging features, and treatment of congenital tongue tumors.A literature review was conducted by searching studies on congenital tongue tumors in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Relevant data, such as clinical features, radiologic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes for different tumor types, were extracted from the selected articles.Our literature review reveals the various entities of congenital tongue tumors, which can be categorized in terms of hereditary pattern, phenotype, and rarity. Congenital tongue tumors include a range of vascular malformations, such as hemangiomas, lymphatic malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and venous malformations. Another entity is represented by cystic lesions, including dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, ranulas, and mucous retention cysts. Rare malignant neoplasms include teratomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. These tumor types vary in terms of swelling, respiratory distress, or impaired oral function, depending on size and location. The detection of these tumors can be carried out using imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, which are utilized to facilitate diagnosis and differentiation. At present, surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, while other modalities may be adopted, depending on tumor type and extent. The prognosis of congenital tongue tumors can be affected by tumor's site, size, involvement of vital structures, and malignancy.Given their diversity and complexity, congenital tongue tumors, albeit uncommon, require specialized clinical treatments tailored to each tumor type's characteristics. Understanding the variable presentations and imaging features enables accurate diagnosis, while customized treatment strategies are key to optimizing outcomes and minimizing morbidity in pediatric tongue tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge aimed at enhancing differential diagnosis and management of these diverse entities.