非传染性疾病（NCD）是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因。本研究的目的是分析 1990 年至 2021 年中国非传染性疾病的疾病负担。本研究使用了 2021 年全球疾病、伤害和危险因素负担研究 (GBD) 中有关中国及其各省非传染性疾病的数据。研究利用死亡和伤残调整生命年（DALY）等指标，分析了2021年慢性病疾病负担及其1990年至2021年的变化。1990年至2021年，中国慢性病负担呈上升趋势。 2021年，中国因非传染性疾病死亡人数为10.6（95%不确定区间[UI]：9.0-12.2）万人，DALY为349.3（95% UI：301.5-401.2）万人，占91.0%（95% UI：90.4-91.7） %) 的死亡人数和所有 DALY 的 86.7% (95% UI: 86.0-87.4%)。非传染性疾病给女性带来的疾病负担低于男性。心血管疾病和肿瘤是非传染性疾病 2 级死亡和伤残调整生命年的主要原因，导致 5.1（95% UI：4.3-5.9）和 2.8（95% UI：2.3-3.4）万人死亡，以及 100.2（95% UI：84.6- 2021 年分别为 116.6) 百万和 71.2 (95% UI: 59.3-85.2) 百万伤残调整生命年。慢性呼吸道疾病是非传染性疾病死亡的第三大原因，而肌肉骨骼疾病是非传染性疾病伤残调整生命年的第三大原因。青海、西藏和黑龙江的非传染性疾病年龄标准化死亡率和年龄标准化DALY率（每10万人）最高，香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和上海的年龄标准化死亡率最低中国的非传染性疾病疾病负担在不同性别省份之间表现出异质性。中国需要重点解决重点慢性病，针对疾病分布特征实施干预措施，减轻慢性病负担。版权所有©2024中华医学会，由Wolters Kluwer, Inc.制作，CC-BY-NC-ND许可。

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the primary causes of disability and death. The aim of this study is to analyze the disease burden of NCDs in China from 1990 to 2021.This study used data on NCDs in China and its provinces from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. The study analyzed the disease burden of NCDs in 2021 and its changes from 1990 to 2021 using indicators including deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).Between 1990 and 2021, the NCD burden in China exhibited an upward trend. In 2021, China had 10.6 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 9.0-12.2) million deaths and 349.3 (95% UI: 301.5-401.2) million DALYs due to NCDs, accounting for 91.0% (95% UI: 90.4-91.7%) of all deaths and 86.7% (95% UI: 86.0-87.4%) of all DALYs. NCDs caused a lower disease burden in females than in males. Cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms were the main NCD level 2 causes of deaths and DALYs, resulting in 5.1 (95% UI: 4.3-5.9) and 2.8 (95% UI: 2.3-3.4) million deaths and 100.2 (95% UI: 84.6-116.6) million and 71.2 (95% UI: 59.3-85.2) million DALYs in 2021, respectively. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of NCD deaths, while musculoskeletal disorders were the third leading cause of NCD DALYs. Qinghai, Xizang, and Heilongjiang had the highest age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized DALY rates (per 100,000) for NCDs, while Hong Kong Special Administration Region (SAR), Macao SAR, and Shanghai recorded the lowest age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized DALY rates.NCDs disease burden in China and exhibited heterogeneity across sexes provinces. China needs to focus on addressing key NCDs and implement intervention measures tailored to the disease distribution characteristics to reduce the NCD burden.Copyright © 2024 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.