通过益生菌调节肠道微生物群组成已被提议作为 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的新疗法，而发酵奶可以说是最常见和理想的益生菌载体。本荟萃分析使用随机对照试验 (RCT) 已发表的数据来评估益生菌发酵乳补充剂对 T2DM 患者葡萄糖和脂质代谢参数以及炎症标志物的影响。在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库中搜索了相关的随机对照试验。使用随机效应模型生成加权平均差 (WMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (95% CI)。补充益生菌发酵乳可降低空腹血糖（MD = -17.01，95% CI -26.43，-7.58 mg/dL；n = 7）和血红蛋白 A1c 水平（MD = -0.47，95% CI -0.74，-0.21） %；n = 7)、总胆固醇（MD = -5.15，95% CI -9.52，-0.78 mg/dL；n = 7）和 C 反应蛋白（MD = -0.25，95% CI -0.43，- 0.08；n = 3)，但没有显着影响 HOMA-IR (MD = -0.89，95% CI -2.55，0.78；n = 3)、甘油三酯 (MD = -4.69，95% CI -14.67，5.30) mg/dL；n = 6)，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (MD = -4.25，95% CI -8.63，0.13 mg/dL；n = 7)，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (MD = 1.20，95% CI - 0.96，3.36 mg/dL；n = 7）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（MD：-0.58，95% CI -1.47，0.32 pg/mL；n = 2）。总之，目前的研究结果粗略地表明了益生菌发酵乳补充剂在改善 T2DM 患者的葡萄糖和脂质代谢以及炎症方面的潜在益处。然而，需要更强有力的证据来确定益生菌发酵奶在 T2DM 治疗中的临床意义。

Modulating gut microbiota composition through probiotic administration has been proposed as a novel therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and fermented milk is arguably the most common and ideal probiotic carrier. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of probiotic fermented milk supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism parameters and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM using published data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant RCTs. A random-effects model was used to generate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Probiotic fermented milk supplementation reduced the levels of fasting plasma glucose (MD = -17.01, 95% CI -26.43, -7.58 mg/dL; n = 7), hemoglobin A1c (MD = -0.47, 95% CI -0.74, -0.21%; n = 7), total cholesterol (MD = -5.15, 95% CI -9.52, -0.78 mg/dL; n = 7), and C-reactive protein (MD = -0.25, 95% CI -0.43, -0.08; n = 3) but did not significantly affect the levels of HOMA-IR (MD = -0.89, 95% CI -2.55, 0.78; n = 3), triglyceride (MD = -4.69, 95% CI -14.67, 5.30 mg/dL; n = 6), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = -4.25, 95% CI -8.63, 0.13 mg/dL; n = 7), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 1.20, 95% CI -0.96, 3.36 mg/dL; n = 7), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (MD: -0.58, 95% CI -1.47, 0.32 pg/mL; n = 2). In summary, the present findings provide a crude indication of the potential benefits of probiotic fermented milk supplementation in improving glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation in patients with T2DM. However, more robust evidence is needed to determine the clinical significance of probiotic fermented milk in the management of T2DM.