雌激素是一种重要的激素，参与多种生理和病理过程。除了在生殖系统中发挥关键作用外，雌激素还与多种疾病的发病机制有关。然而，先前关于雌激素在多种疾病中作用的研究，包括阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症、心血管疾病、糖尿病、骨质疏松症、胃肠道疾病和雌激素依赖性癌症，都集中在单一疾病领域，导致缺乏全面了解跨疾病机制。这给目前这些疾病的治疗方法带来了一些挑战，因为雌激素作为潜在的治疗工具尚未充分发挥其潜力。因此，本综述旨在全面探讨雌激素在这七类疾病中的作用机制。本研究的目的是描述每种疾病与雌激素之间的关系，包括雌激素参与调节疾病机制的方式，并概述雌激素在临床实践中治疗这些疾病的功效。通过研究雌激素在多种疾病机制中的作用，希望能够为未来的治疗策略提供更加准确的理论依据和临床指导，从而促进这些疾病的有效管理和治疗。

Estrogen is a significant hormone that is involved in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. In addition to its pivotal role in the reproductive system, estrogen is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Nevertheless, previous research on the role of estrogen in a multitude of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases, and estrogen-dependent cancers, has concentrated on a single disease area, resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of cross-disease mechanisms. This has brought some challenges to the current treatment methods for these diseases, because estrogen as a potential therapeutic tool has not yet fully developed its potential. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the mechanism of estrogen in these seven types of diseases. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between each disease and estrogen, including the ways in which estrogen participates in regulating disease mechanisms, and to outline the efficacy of estrogen in treating these diseases in clinical practice. By studying the role of estrogen in a variety of disease mechanisms, it is hoped that a more accurate theoretical basis and clinical guidance for future treatment strategies will be provided, thus promoting the effective management and treatment of these diseases.