地下水中的微量元素（TE）污染是健康风险评估的关键因素，也是与加纳可持续发展相关的环境挑战之一。本研究旨在利用多元统计数据调查库马西大都市用于饮用和生活的地下水中的 TE 浓度及其潜在的健康风险。在这项研究中，使用 Perkin Elmer Nexion 2000 电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (ICP-MS) 对 23 个地下水样品的 32 个 TE 进行了分析。研究中记录的TE水平顺序为Na > Si > Ca > K > Mg > S > Ba > Cu > Zn > Al > Sr > Li > Mn > P > Fe > B > Pb > Ni > Co > Bi > Se > Sb > Cr > As > Ti > Be > V > U > C d > T l > Mo > Hg。研究显示，铝、铜、铅等微量元素和有毒元素的浓度超过了世界卫生组织相应的允许标准。非致癌和致癌健康风险的危险指数（HI）值和总可能癌症风险（TLCR）值表明，91.3%的采样点存在成人和儿童健康问题。成人和儿童通过摄入地下水样品接触致癌金属的平均 TLCR 值估计分别为 2.09 × 10-4 和 4.44 × 10-4。研究发现，与皮肤接触相比，通过摄入途径接触的风险更大。儿童特别容易受到这些健康危害的影响。皮尔逊相关 (PC) 矩阵、主成分分析 (PCA) 和层次聚类分析 (HCA) 表明地下水中 TE 的来源可归因于人为因素和地理因素。© 2024。作者，拥有独家许可施普林格自然瑞士股份公司。

Trace element (TEs) contamination in groundwater is a key factor for health risk assessment and one of the environmental challenges linked with Ghana's sustainable development. This study aims to investigate TE concentrations in groundwater used for drinking and domestic purposes and their potential health risk in the Kumasi Metropolis using multivariate statistics. In the study, 23 groundwater samples were analyzed for 32 TEs using Perkin Elmer Nexion 2000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Levels of TEs recorded in the study were in order of Na > Si > Ca > K > Mg > S > Ba > Cu > Zn > Al > Sr > Li > Mn > P > Fe > B > Pb > Ni > Co > Bi > Se > Sb > Cr > As > Ti > Be > V > U > C d > T l > Mo > Hg. The study revealed that the concentration of trace and toxic elements like Al, Cu, and Pb exceeded their corresponding WHO permissible standards. Hazard index (HI) values and total likely cancer risk (TLCR) values for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks indicate that 91.3% of the total sampling sites presented health concerns to adults and children. The mean TLCR values associated with exposure to carcinogenic metals via ingestion of groundwater samples were estimated to be 2.09 × 10-4 and 4.44 × 10-4 for adults and children respectively. Exposure through the ingestion pathway was found to be more risky compared to dermal contacts. Children are particularly vulnerable to these health hazards. Pearson correlation (PC) matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that sources of TEs in the groundwater are attributed to both anthropogenic and geogenic factors.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.