溶瘤病毒（OV）是癌症免疫治疗中一种有前途的策略。它们在局部促进抗肿瘤免疫的能力带来了希望，即可以更有效地解决对当前免疫治疗方法无反应的癌症。在这种情况下，必须考虑肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM），因为它们在癌症免疫中发挥着关键作用。尽管 TAM 倾向于抑制抗肿瘤反应，但可以利用它们分泌促炎细胞因子和吞噬癌细胞的能力来促进治疗性癌症免疫。 OVs 有潜力促进 TAM 促炎功能，从而有利于抗肿瘤免疫。但与此同时，TAM 的促炎功能会诱导肿瘤中 OV 的清除，从而限制 OV 的功效，并强调 OV 和 TAM 之间的相互作用是一把双刃剑。此外，最近开发了工程化 OV 来调节特定的 TAM 功能，例如吞噬细胞活性。静脉内给药后，循环单核细胞将 OV 递送至肿瘤的潜力也正在显现。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍 OV 和 TAM 之间的相互作用、工程化 OV 调节特定 TAM 功能的潜力，以及循环单核细胞在 OV 递送至肿瘤中的前景广阔的作用。© 2024。作者。

Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Their capacity to promote anti-tumoral immunity locally raises hope that cancers unresponsive to current immunotherapy approaches could be tackled more efficiently. In this context, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) must be considered because of their pivotal role in cancer immunity. Even though TAM tend to inhibit anti-tumoral responses, their ability to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytose cancer cells can be harnessed to promote therapeutic cancer immunity. OVs have the potential to promote TAM pro-inflammatory functions that favor anti-tumoral immunity. But in parallel, TAM pro-inflammatory functions induce OV clearance in the tumor, thereby limiting OV efficacy and highlighting that the interaction between OV and TAM is a double edge sword. Moreover, engineered OVs were recently developed to modulate specific TAM functions such as phagocytic activity. The potential of circulating monocytes to deliver OV into the tumor after intravenous administration is also emerging. In this review, we will present the interaction between OV and TAM, the potential of engineered OV to modulate specific TAM functions, and the promising role of circulating monocytes in OV delivery to the tumor.© 2024. The Author(s).