与传统亚单位疫苗相比，复制缺陷型病毒载体疫苗具有多种优势，包括有效的抗体反应、对于消除病原体感染细胞至关重要的细胞反应，以及无需佐剂即可诱导高免疫原性和持久的免疫反应。人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 是一种具有 200 多种基因型的微生物，在诱发人类肿瘤中发挥着至关重要的作用，大多数 HPV 相关恶性肿瘤都表达 HPV 蛋白。与 HPV 感染相关的肿瘤（其中大部分由 HPV16 感染引起）包括影响子宫颈、肛门、阴道、阴茎、外阴和口咽部的肿瘤。近年来，利用病毒载体治疗由 HPV 感染引起的癌前病变或肿瘤的治疗性 HPV 疫苗的开发经历了快速增长，目前有许多研究管线正在进行中。同时，筛选最佳抗原需要更多的基础研究和更优化的方法。在临床前研究方面，我们介绍了用于评估疫苗功效的各种模型，并强调了各自的优缺点。进一步介绍了HPV病毒载体治疗性疫苗的研究现状，特别是适应症、初始疗效、联合用药等。总体上，本文从HPV感染、抗原选择、载体、疗效评估和临床试验进展。© 2024。作者。

Replication-defective viral vector vaccines have several advantages over conventional subunit vaccines, including potent antibody responses, cellular responses critical for eliminating pathogen-infected cells, and the induction of highly immunogenic and durable immune responses without adjuvants. The Human papillomavirus (HPV), a microorganism with over 200 genotypes, plays a crucial role in inducing human tumors, with the majority of HPV-related malignancies expressing HPV proteins. Tumors associated with HPV infection, most of which result from HPV16 infection, include those affecting the cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, and oropharynx. In recent years, the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines utilizing viral vectors for the treatment of premalignant lesions or tumors caused by HPV infection has experienced rapid growth, with numerous research pipelines currently underway. Simultaneously, screening for optimal antigens requires more basic research and more optimized methods. In terms of preclinical research, we present the various models used to assess vaccine efficacy, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Further, we present current research status of therapeutic vaccines using HPV viral vectors, especially the indications, initial efficacy, combination drugs, etc. In general, this paper summarizes current viral vector therapeutic HPV vaccines in terms of HPV infection, antigen selection, vectors, efficacy evaluation, and progress in clinical trials.© 2024. The Author(s).