炎症过程是与严重创伤性脑损伤（STBI）相关的病理事件的关键因素。该试验的目的是确定益生菌对 STBI 患者的人体测量指标、疾病严重程度、炎症标志物和 T 细胞的影响。 40 名成年 STBI 患者参加了这项平行随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验。能量和蛋白质状态、急性生理和慢性健康评估（APACHE II）评分、序贯性器官衰竭评估（SOFA）、白细胞介素10（IL-10）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α） ）、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、辅助性T细胞17（Th17）和调节性T细胞（T-reg）在基线（第1天）和第2周（第14天）对每位患者进行评估。补充益生菌导致血清TNF-α水平大幅降低（从10.15±±6.52降至5.05±±3.27）（P=±0.034）、IL-1β（从11.84±±7.74降至5.87±±3.77）（P<±0）。 001),和 Th17 细胞（从 5.19 ± 1.69 到 2.67 ± 1.89）（P < 0.001），并且血清 IL-10 水平显着增加（从 3.35 ± 1.45 到 6.17 ± 2.04）（P = 0.038），转化生长因子-β（与安慰剂组相比，T-reg细胞从30.5±15.27到46.25±21.05（P<0.001），T-reg细胞从2.83±1.43到4.29±1.89（P<0.001）。此外，与安慰剂相比，益生菌治疗后的能量和蛋白质摄入量以及 SOFA 和 APACHE II 评分均未观察到显着变化。益生菌可以减轻炎症并改善细胞免疫，可考虑作为 STBI 患者的辅助治疗。

Inflammatory processes are key factors in pathological events associated with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of probiotics on anthropometric measures, disease severity, inflammatory markers, and T cells in patients with STBI.Forty adult patients with STBI were enrolled in this parallel randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Energy and protein status, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), T-helper 17 (Th17), and T- Regulator (T-reg) cells were assessed at baseline (day 1), and week 2 (day 14) for each patient.Probiotic supplementation led to a substantial reduction in the serum levels of TNF-α (from 10.15 ± 6.52 to 5.05 ± 3.27) (P = 0.034), IL-1β (from 11.84 ± 7.74 to 5.87 ± 3.77) (P < 0.001), and Th17 cells (from 5.19 ± 1.69 to 2.67 ± 1.89) (P < 0.001) and a substantial increase in the serum levels of IL-10 (from 3.35 ± 1.45 to 6.17 ± 2.04) (P = 0.038), TGF-β (from 30.5 ± 15.27 to 46.25 ± 21.05) (P < 0.001), and T-reg cells (from 2.83 ± 1.43 to 4.29 ± 1.89) (P < 0.001) compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, no notable changes were observed in energy and protein intake and also, terms of SOFA and APACHE II scores following probiotic treatment compared with the placebo.Probiotics could reduce inflammation and improve cellular immunity and may be considered as an adjunctive therapy in STBI patients.