食品加工不可避免地引入各种威胁食品安全的危险成分。 N-亚硝胺 (NA) 是一类食品污染物，被认为对人类具有致癌性。根据收集的信息，基于固相萃取（SPE）的预处理方法在食品中挥发性NAs的测定前被广泛使用。吸附剂的创新和其他方法的混合已被确认为基于SPE的预处理方法的未来趋势。此外，基于液相色谱和气相色谱的技术广泛应用于NAs的检测。最近，基于传感器的方法由于其效率和灵活性而受到越来越多的关注。建议未来使用更多基于便携式传感器的技术对 NA 进行现场监控。人工智能的应用可以促进NA高通量检测过程中的数据处理。天然生物活性化合物已被证实可通过抗氧化、清除前体和调节微生物活性有效减少食品中的NA。同时，它们对肝损伤、胰腺癌和其他 NA 损伤表现出强大的保护活性。通过封装和临床试验可以进一步补充生物活性物质的生物利用度数据。建议利用植根于各种组学技术的生物信息学工具来研究新机制，并最终扩大其在靶向治疗中的应用。© 2024 Institute of Food Technologies®。

Food processing unavoidably introduces various risky ingredients that threaten food safety. N-Nitrosamines (NAs) constitute a class of food contaminants, which are considered carcinogenic to humans. According to the compiled information, pretreatment methods based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) were widely used before the determination of volatile NAs in foods. The innovation of adsorbents and hybridization of other methods have been confirmed as the future trends of SPE-based pretreatment methods. Moreover, technologies based on liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were popularly applied for the detection of NAs. Recently, sensor-based methods have garnered increasing attention due to their efficiency and flexibility. More portable sensor-based technologies are recommended for on-site monitoring of NAs in the future. The application of artificial intelligence can facilitate data processing during high-throughput detection of NAs. Natural bioactive compounds have been confirmed to be effective in mitigating NAs in foods through antioxidation, scavenging precursors, and regulating microbial activities. Meanwhile, they exhibit strong protective activities against hepatic damage, pancreatic cancer, and other NA injuries. Further supplementation of data on the bioavailability of bioactives can be achieved through encapsulation and clinical trials. The utilization of bioinformatics tools rooted in various omics technologies is suggested for investigating novel mechanisms and finally broadening their applications in targeted therapies.© 2024 Institute of Food Technologists®.