免疫介导的神经病（IMN）是一组由复杂的自身免疫反应引起的异质性神经病。目前，不同 IMN 亚型的已知机制涉及自身抗体的产生、补体激活、炎症增强以及随后的轴突/脱髓鞘神经损伤。最近的治疗研究主要集中在先前批准用于类风湿疾病的特异性抗体和小分子抑制剂。应探索基于 IMN 病理生理学特征的初始策略。过继细胞疗法（ACT）是指新兴的免疫疗法，从外周血中收集循环免疫细胞，并对其进行修饰，使其具有杀伤和免疫调节能力。它包括嵌合抗原受体-T细胞疗法、T细胞受体工程化T细胞疗法、CAR-自然杀伤细胞疗法等。在过去的十年中，ACT 在治疗癌症、传染病和自身免疫性疾病方面展现出了非凡的潜力。靶点、嵌合结构域和效应细胞的多功能组合极大地增强了 ACT 治疗复杂免疫疾病的能力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 ACT 的进展，并为不同的 IMN 亚型设想了合适的策略。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

Immune-mediated neuropathy (IMN) is a group of heterogenous neuropathies caused by intricate autoimmune responses. For now, known mechanisms of different IMN subtypes involve the production of autoantibodies, complement activation, enhanced inflammation and subsequent axonal/demyelinating nerve damages. Recent therapeutic studies mainly focus on specific antibodies and small molecule inhibitors previously approved in rheumatoid diseases. Initial strategies based on the pathophysiologic features of IMN should be explored. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) refers to the emerging immunotherapies in which circulating immunocytes are collected from peripheral blood and modified with killing and immunomodulatory capacities. It consists of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, T cell receptor-engineered T cell, CAR-Natural killer cell therapy, and others. In the last decade, ACT has demonstrated extraordinary potentials in treating cancers, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. Versatile combinations of targets, chimeric domains and effector cells greatly empower ACT to treat complicated immune disorders. In this review, we summarized the advances of ACT and envisioned suitable strategies for different IMN subtypes.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.