随着高通量技术的进步，非编码RNA（ncRNA）作为各种生物功能的主调控者的关键作用日益显现。历史上，假基因被认为是非功能性的，被标记为“垃圾 DNA”，但它们可以转录成 RNA，这表明其潜在作用与 ncRNA 类似。最近的研究表明，一些假基因可以编码功能性肽或蛋白质。越来越多的证据表明，假基因及其衍生的功能分子参与各种生物过程，可以作为癌症的预后标志物。这篇综述全面总结和讨论了目前对假基因及其衍生分子在生物功能中的功能作用的理解。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

With the advancement of high-throughput technologies, the pivotal role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as a master regulator of various biological functions has become increasingly apparent. Historically considered non-functional and labeled as "junk DNA," pseudogenes can be transcribed into RNA, indicating a potential role similar to ncRNAs. Recent research suggests that some pseudogenes can encode functional peptides or proteins. A growing body of evidence has revealed that pseudogenes and their derived functional molecules are involved in various biological processes and can serve as prognostic markers in cancers. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the current understanding of the functional roles of pseudogenes and their derived molecules in biological functions.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.