混合 PET/MRI 具有改变神经肿瘤成像的潜力，特别是在头颈部表达生长抑素受体的肿瘤的诊断和治疗计划方面。混合 PET/MRI 将高分辨率 MRI 与 PET 的功能信息相结合，提供精确的解剖信息并克服单独 PET 固有的定位困难。头部和颈部的一系列肿瘤过度表达生长抑素受体，因此适合使用生长抑素受体 PET/MRI 进行评估。这些包括脑膜瘤、副神经节瘤、嗅神经母细胞瘤、垂体神经内分泌肿瘤、中耳神经内分泌肿瘤和甲状腺髓样癌。 PET 和 MRI 的结合优于单独使用任何一种方式，并且可以解决与这些病变相关的几个独特的诊断挑战。作者讨论了生长抑素受体 PET/MRI 的卓越功能，包括改善病变定位、更灵敏地显示疾病范围、增强监测、优化放射治疗计划以及准确预测对生长抑素类似物治疗的反应。尽管临床实践中只有少数专用 PET/MRI 设备，但现在已有商业软件可以自动将 PET/CT 数据与最近采集的 MRI 数据融合，从而提高了这种方法的可用性。放射科医生应该意识到生长抑素受体 PET/MRI 在评估头颈部肿瘤方面的优势以及这种方法的潜在缺陷，以便他们能够准确地为临床医生提供建议并更好地解释这些研究。 ©RSNA，2024 请参阅本期 Shatzkes 和 Strauss 特邀评论。

Hybrid PET/MRI has the potential to transform neuro-oncologic imaging, particularly in diagnosis and treatment planning of somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors of the head and neck. Hybrid PET/MRI combines high-resolution MRI with functional information from PET, providing precise anatomic information and overcoming difficulties in localization inherent to PET alone. There is a range of tumors in the head and neck that overexpress somatostatin receptors and are therefore amenable to evaluation with somatostatin receptor PET/MRI. These include meningiomas, paragangliomas, olfactory neuroblastomas, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, middle ear neuroendocrine tumors, and medullary thyroid carcinomas. The combination of PET and MRI is superior to either modality alone and can address several unique diagnostic challenges associated with these lesions. The authors discuss the superior capabilities of somatostatin receptor PET/MRI, including improved lesion localization, more sensitive demonstration of disease extent, enhanced surveillance, optimized radiation therapy planning, and accurate prediction of response to somatostatin analog therapy. Although there are only a few dedicated PET/MRI units available in clinical practice, commercial software is now available that can automatically fuse PET/CT data with recently acquired MRI data, increasing the availability of this approach. Radiologists should be aware of the advantages of somatostatin receptor PET/MRI in evaluation of head and neck tumors as well as the potential pitfalls of this approach so that they can accurately advise clinicians and better interpret these studies. ©RSNA, 2024 See the invited commentary by Shatzkes and Strauss in this issue.