铁是体内必需的矿物质，参与许多生理过程，因此维持铁稳态对于整体健康至关重要。铁过量和缺乏都会导致各种疾病和人类疾病。铁死亡是一种依赖于铁的细胞死亡形式，其特征是脂质的广泛过氧化。与其他类型的经典非程序性细胞死亡不同，铁死亡主要与铁代谢紊乱、脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统失衡有关。铁死亡通过转录、翻译和翻译后修饰进行调节，从而影响细胞对铁死亡的敏感性。在过去十年左右的时间里，许多疾病都与铁死亡有关，作为其病因的一部分，包括癌症、代谢紊乱、自身免疫性疾病、中枢神经系统疾病、心血管疾病和肌肉骨骼疾病。铁死亡相关蛋白已成为许多目前无法治愈的人类主要疾病的有吸引力的靶点，并且一些铁死亡调节剂已在临床试验中显示出治疗效果，但仍需要进一步验证其临床潜力。因此，深入分析铁死亡及其在人类疾病中的潜在分子机制可能为临床预防和治疗提供额外的策略。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了体内铁稳态的生理意义、铁死亡对人类疾病的病因和发展的潜在贡献，以及支持铁死亡作为治疗方法的证据。重要的是，我们评估了最近的潜在治疗靶点和有前景的干预措施，为未来针对人类疾病的靶向治疗提供指导。© 2024。作者。

Iron, an essential mineral in the body, is involved in numerous physiological processes, making the maintenance of iron homeostasis crucial for overall health. Both iron overload and deficiency can cause various disorders and human diseases. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death dependent on iron, is characterized by the extensive peroxidation of lipids. Unlike other kinds of classical unprogrammed cell death, ferroptosis is primarily linked to disruptions in iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system imbalance. Ferroptosis is regulated through transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, which affect cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis. Over the past decade or so, numerous diseases have been linked to ferroptosis as part of their etiology, including cancers, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Ferroptosis-related proteins have become attractive targets for many major human diseases that are currently incurable, and some ferroptosis regulators have shown therapeutic effects in clinical trials although further validation of their clinical potential is needed. Therefore, in-depth analysis of ferroptosis and its potential molecular mechanisms in human diseases may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the physiological significance of iron homeostasis in the body, the potential contribution of ferroptosis to the etiology and development of human diseases, along with the evidence supporting targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic approach. Importantly, we evaluate recent potential therapeutic targets and promising interventions, providing guidance for future targeted treatment therapies against human diseases.© 2024. The Author(s).