全球范围内甲状腺癌的发病率正在上升，但死亡率却保持稳定。许多甲状腺癌患者患有小于 2 厘米的低风险、非转移性甲状腺内肿瘤。主动监测已显示出对这些患者的益处，但这种方法的采用在拉丁美洲仍然低于标准。本文的目的是考虑文化和地理因素，确定将主动监测纳入拉丁美洲低危甲状腺癌患者临床实践的方法。目前的建议包括涉及患者参与的三个步骤。第一步包括初步临床检查，有八个需要特别注意的因素。必须在考虑个人、疾病相关、认知和环境方面的情况下管理焦虑。必须向患者解释诸如“过度诊断”、“偶发瘤”和“过度治疗”等术语。使用精确的术语有助于对疾病有足够的认识，大大减少压力和焦虑。澄清甲状腺癌的非进展性性质有助于消除围绕该疾病的误解。第二步包括为选择主动监测的患者提供有关程序和指南的建议。应实施灵活的监测技术，并根据患者的需求安排定期检查。调整治疗的原因必须清楚地传达给患者，并且应提前考虑主动监测偏好的变化。第三步包括后续阶段的协助。患者必须接受有关超声结果的教育，并接受专科医生的手术指征。通过使用清晰简洁的视觉辅助工具向患者解释结节大小变化的动态，可以加强主动监测的有效性。

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing globally, but mortality rates have remained steady. Many patients with thyroid cancer have low-risk, nonmetastatic intrathyroidal tumors smaller than 2 cm. Active surveillance has shown benefits in these patients, but the adoption of this approach remains below standard in Latin America. The purpose of this article is to identify ways to improve the incorporation of active surveillance into clinical practice for patients with low-risk thyroid carcinoma in Latin America, taking into consideration cultural and geographic factors. Current recommendations include three steps involving patient participation. The first step, which consists of the initial clinical examination, has eight factors requiring special attention. Anxiety must be managed while considering individual, disease-related, cognitive, and environmental aspects. Terms like "overdiagnosis", "incidentaloma," and "overtreatment" must be explained to the patient. Implementing precise terminology contributes to adequate disease perception, substantially reducing stress and anxiety. Clarifying the nonprogressive nature of thyroid cancer helps dispel myths surrounding the disease. The second step includes advice about procedures and guidelines for patients who choose active surveillance. Flexible monitoring techniques should be implemented, with regular check-ins scheduled based on patient needs. Reasons for adjusting treatment must be clearly communicated to the patient, and changes in preference regarding active surveillance should be considered in advance. The third step includes assistance during follow-up. Patients must be educated about ultrasound results and receive surgical indications from specialized physicians. The effectiveness of active surveillance can be reinforced by explaining to the patients the dynamics of changes in nodule size using clear and concise visual aids.