肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。突出因素包括慢性乙型肝炎 (CHB) 和慢性丙型肝炎 (CHC) 病毒感染、接触黄曲霉毒素、酗酒、糖尿病和肥胖。乙型肝炎（HBV）的患病率很高，无症状携带者比例很高，增加了诊断和治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）的挑战，需要进一步、更全面的研究。载脂蛋白 B mRNA 编辑催化多肽 (APOBEC) 家族成员是单链 DNA 胞苷脱氨酶，可以限制病毒复制。 APOBEC 相关突变模式构成了各种癌症类型（例如肺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、头颈癌、子宫颈癌和卵巢癌）体细胞突变的主要特征。 HCC 早期的症状通常很微妙且非特异性，给治疗和监测带来了挑战。此外，本文主要关注 APOBEC3B (A3B) 基因通过刺激 HBV 突变、激活白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 在 HBV 相关 HCC (HBV-HCC) 发病和进展中的既定具体作用机制。并促进活性氧 (ROS) 的产生，同时还探索 A3B 作为 HBV-HCC 治疗靶点和预后指标的潜力。© 2024 Yang 等人。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors globally. Prominent factors include chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infections, exposure to aflatoxin, alcohol abuse, diabetes, and obesity. The prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) is substantial, and the significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers heightens the challenge in diagnosing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), necessitating further and more comprehensive research. Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family members are single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminases that can restrict viral replication. The APOBEC-related mutation pattern constitutes a primary characteristic of somatic mutations in various cancer types such as lung, breast, bladder, head and neck, cervix, and ovary. Symptoms in the early stages of HCC are often subtle and nonspecific, posing challenges in treatment and monitoring. Furthermore, this article primarily focuses on the established specific mechanism of action of the APOBEC3B (A3B) gene in the onset and progression of HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC) through stimulating mutations in HBV, activating Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and promoting reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, while also exploring the potential for A3B to serve as a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator in HBV-HCC.© 2024 Yang et al.