小细胞肺癌（SCLC）的传统治疗方法是传统的全身含铂化疗，因为缓解率为 50-90%。 Durvalumab 是一种免疫检查点抑制剂，可阻断程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1 与程序性细胞死亡 1 配体 1 的结合。 Durvalumab 联合传统化疗药物已被推荐作为广泛期 SCLC 的一线治疗，但其使用可能会导致免疫相关的不良事件。自身免疫性脑炎是一种罕见且可能致命的神经系统不良事件。目前的病例报告描述了一名 50 多岁的 ES-SCLC 男性患者，在三个周期的联合化疗后，出现与 durvalumab 治疗相关的自身免疫性脑炎。目前的病例进一步了解了 durvalumab 治疗引起的自身免疫性脑炎。

The traditional treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been traditional systemic platinum-containing chemotherapy because the response rate is 50-90%. Durvalumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks the binding of programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Durvalumab combined with traditional chemotherapy agents has been recommended as the first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC, but its use may cause immune-related adverse events. Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and potentially fatal neurological adverse event. This current case report describes a male patient in his late 50s with ES-SCLC who developed autoimmune encephalitis associated with durvalumab treatment after three cycles of combination chemotherapy. This current case furthers the understanding of autoimmune encephalitis caused by durvalumab treatment.